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Oil tankers are not the only vessels that have caused oil pollution at sea. Numerous spills in the past have been of heavy fuel oil from non-tankers. However, the international liability and compensation regime covered only oil pollution damage caused by oil tankers. There was thus a need to bring the law on marine oil pollution responsive to oil pollution damage caused by non-tankers. In March 2001, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage was adopted following a diplomatic conference at the International Maritime Organization. Though this convention has not yet come into force, its various aspects should already be considered as they will surely affect the maritime industry as a whole and the non-tanker sector, in particular. This book provides a timely and comprehensive study on the concept of compulsory insurance, its main purpose of ensuring compensation and its interrelations with other features such as the rule of strict liability and the limitation of liability under the convention.
Liability for oil pollution damages. --- Oil spills --- Oil pollution of the sea --- Oil storage tanks --- Pollution liability insurance. --- Law and legislation. --- Environmental aspects. --- Environmental impairment liability insurance --- Environmental liability insurance --- Insurance, Pollution liability --- Liability insurance, Pollution --- Liability for oil spill damages --- Oil pollution damages, Liability for --- Oil spill damages, Liability for --- Law. --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- International law. --- Comparative law. --- Public law. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law. --- Public Law. --- Insurance --- Storage tanks --- Petroleum --- Environmental law --- Law of the sea --- Petroleum law and legislation --- Liability (Law) --- Liability for environmental damages --- Oil pollution of rivers, harbors, etc. --- Torts --- Storage --- Law and legislation --- Claims --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Law --- Public law . --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Legal polycentricity --- Civil law --- Liability for oil pollution damages --- Pollution liability insurance --- Environmental aspects
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Public service innovation, defined as the adoption of new technology and methods of service delivery, is at the heart of public management research. Scholars have long studied public and private sector innovation as distinctive phenomena, arguing that private sector innovation aims to increase firms' competitive advantage, while public sector innovation purports to improve governance and performance. The public-private dichotomy overlooks the complex way how organizations interact with each other for service delivery. Public services are increasingly delivered through the web of collaborative networks, in which organizations compete and cooperate simultaneously. This Element explores how coopetition, namely the simultaneous presence of competition and collaboration, shapes innovation in the health care sector. Analyzing panel data of 4,000+ American hospitals from 2008 to 2017, this Element finds evidence that coopetition catalyzes the technology and service process innovation and offers practical implications on managing innovation in competitive environments.
Health services administration. --- Health administration --- Health care administration --- Health care management --- Health sciences administration --- Health services management --- Medical care --- Health planning --- Public health administration --- Administration --- Management
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International law --- Private law --- verzekeringen --- burgerlijk recht --- internationaal recht
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Businesspeople --- Industrialists --- Millionaires --- Success in business
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Food security --- Land tenure --- Rural development --- Rural health --- China --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions
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This book provides unique insights into the challenges and potential solutions to alleviate poverty in western China. Many people are interested in China's economic and social development; the development of Tibet is an important part of this narrative. Unlike big cities in the east of China, Tibet is still underdeveloped, with severe poverty, relatively poor communications, poor infrastructure, transport links, and limited social services. Using deep and well-researched analyses, learned Chinese scholars share their policy insights, experience and knowledge of the underlying causes and potent
Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Poverty --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Rural industries --- E-books --- Industrialization, Rural --- Rural industrialization --- Rural industry --- Industries --- S11/0550 --- S20/0280 --- S11/1229 --- S24/0800 --- China: Social sciences--Social welfare system --- China: Agriculture forestry, fishery, natural disasters--Rural economic development --- China: Social sciences--Tibeto - Burmese --- Tibet--Social conditions (incl. ethnography) --- Tibet, Plateau of --- Economic conditions. --- Chʻing-tsang Kao-yüan --- Chʻing-tsang-ta Kao-yüan --- Hsi-tsang Kao-yüan --- Hsi-tsang tʻai-ti --- Plateau of Tibet --- Qing Zang Gaoyuan --- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau --- Qinghai-Xizang Plateau --- Qingzang Gaoyuan --- Tibet, Plateau of (China) --- Tibetan Highland --- Tibetan Plateau --- Xizang Gaoyuan --- Agricultural industries --- Natural disasters --- History.
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We examine the existing fiscal policy paradigm in commodity-exporting countries. First, we argue that its centerpiece—the permanent income hypothesis (PIH)—is not consistent with either intergenerational equity or long-term sustainability in the presence of uncertainty. Policies to achieve these goals need to be more prudent and better anchored than the PIH. Second, we point out the presence of a volatility tradeoff between government spending and wealth and re-assess long-held views on the appropriate fiscal anchors, the vice of procyclicality, and the (im)possibility of simultaneously smoothing consumption and ensuring intergenerational equity and sustainability. Finally, we propose what we call a prudent wealth stabilization policy that would be more consistent with long-term fiscal policy goals, yet relatively simple to implement and communicate.
Fiscal policy. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Investments: Stocks --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General --- Resource Booms --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Public finance & taxation --- Investment & securities --- Consumption --- Oil prices --- Expenditure --- Stocks --- Fiscal policy --- National accounts --- Financial institutions --- Economics --- Expenditures, Public --- United Arab Emirates
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Oil tankers are not the only vessels that have caused oil pollution at sea. Numerous spills in the past have been of heavy fuel oil from non-tankers. However, the international liability and compensation regime covered only oil pollution damage caused by oil tankers. There was thus a need to bring the law on marine oil pollution responsive to oil pollution damage caused by non-tankers. In March 2001, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage was adopted following a diplomatic conference at the International Maritime Organization. Though this convention has not yet come into force, its various aspects should already be considered as they will surely affect the maritime industry as a whole and the non-tanker sector, in particular. This book provides a timely and comprehensive study on the concept of compulsory insurance, its main purpose of ensuring compensation and its interrelations with other features such as the rule of strict liability and the limitation of liability under the convention.
International law --- Private law --- verzekeringen --- burgerlijk recht --- internationaal recht
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Rethinking Fiscal Policy in Oil-Exporting Countries.
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