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In December 2018, the Oklahoma Partnership for School Readiness (OPSR) was awarded a federal Preschool Development Grant (PDG) Birth through Five (B–5). The planning grant provided resources for a needs assessment of the state's B–5 system, particularly the system of early childhood care and education (ECCE). In recognition of the importance of understanding the cost of quality ECCE in the state, OPSR contracted with the RAND Corporation to conduct a cost study as part of the PDG's information-gathering activities. Researchers collected data from 25 non–Head Start center- and home-based ECCE providers throughout Oklahoma in 2019 to understand their program structure and the associated expenditures for the most recently completed fiscal year. The information supported estimation of the per-child cost of care by child age, setting, and quality rating. The data collected from the sampled providers supported the development of a cost model that was used to examine the most important cost drivers and the implications for per-child cost of care. The findings should be of interest to stakeholders in Oklahoma focused on the cost of quality ECCE in the state, with implications for the cost to providers of delivering ECCE, the prices that families would be expected to pay, and the system of subsidies targeted to lower-income families to support their access to child care and early learning experiences for their children prior to entering kindergarten.

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Cement industries --- Cement plants --- Nitrogen oxides --- Technology. --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental aspects

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Air --- Indian reservations --- Air quality management --- Air quality --- Pollution --- Standards

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With the goal of creating job opportunities that would otherwise not exist, many states, including Pennsylvania, have attracted film production by offering competing incentives that lower costs. Although Pennsylvania's Film Production Tax Credit (FPTC) has attracted film productions to Pennsylvania and, specifically, to Pittsburgh, the economic contribution of the resulting industry and the factors restricting or catalyzing the industry's growth are unclear. In addition, there remains uncertainty around how Pennsylvania, specifically, can remain competitive in attracting film productions and what resources may enhance the growth of the film industry in the state. To address these uncertainties and inform future policy debates, the authors of this report conducted a mixed-methods study consisting of an environmental scan, semi-structured interviews, and quantitative analysis. The findings of this study describe a nuanced picture in four areas: (1) the filming location decision, (2) the economic contribution of the film industry, (3) the film industry workforce, and (4) state film policy. Drawing on these findings, the authors discuss their broader implications and recommend strategies to retain or enhance the competitiveness of the film industry in Pennsylvania. The results and recommendations of this report are intended to inform the decisionmaking of stakeholders both at the state level (including state legislators and government officials) and at the local level (including officials in the state's film offices, city and county economic development offices, local workforce development boards, and local educational institutions).