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"Department of Defense (DoD) product support business case analyses (BCAs) compare alternative courses of action (COAs) for sustaining weapon systems and recommend ways to improve on current sustainment practice. This document explains how to apply standard Office of Management and Budget and DoD guidance on project evaluation to product support BCAs in a way that allows senior DoD decisionmakers to use net present value (NPV) as the dominant figure of merit for comparing COAs. It identifies a primary performance attribute and estimates the cost of ensuring that every COA meets a target level of performance for this attribute. This begins a process of estimating the annual cash flows for each COA relative to a baseline COA. The approach then elicits from subject matter experts (1) what sources of risk might delay or thwart each COA's efforts to achieve target performance and (2) how each source of risk affects each COA's efforts. It allows these efforts to differ across potential future states. Each future state yields a different set of annual cash flows based on (1) the cash flows associated with trouble-free implementation, including transition and implementation costs and savings, and (2) the effects of sources of risk that degrade implementation. The approach ultimately states the findings of a BCA in terms of dollar values of NPVs for COAs--figures that senior decisionmakers understand intuitively, because they use them routinely in decisions about defense resource management"--Publisher's description.

Operational readiness (Military science) --- F-22 (Jet fighter plane) --- Maintenance and repair --- Management --- Evaluation. --- Costs --- United States. --- Equipment

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Alternative procedures for obtaining Public Assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency allow an applicant to bundle projects together and to not build back to the same state as predisaster. Cost overruns are the applicant's responsibility, and cost savings can be invested in other mitigation and risk reduction activities. In most cases, current construction costs are a good proxy for future costs, accounting for inflation. In the case of Puerto Rico's recovery from Hurricane María, the scale of the recovery efforts relative to the size of the economy means that these efforts are likely to fundamentally change the economy in terms of labor, materials, and equipment. As a result, in this project, the authors aimed to develop estimates of future construction costs and build multiplicative factors that cost estimators can apply to current costs to reflect the future cost of construction. To do this, they developed a disaster recovery expenditure simulator based on historical obligations; created a model to estimate expenditure scenarios' effect on prices of labor, materials, and equipment; devised an econometric approach to estimate substitutability of labor; and developed a labor demand estimator. This report documents their approach, data, findings, and recommendations.