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Surface chemistry --- Physicochemistry --- colloïdchemie --- fysicochemie
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This collection of pieces from an international range of contributors explores in detail the separation of the human past into history and archaeology.
Archaeology and history --- Classical antiquities --- Mediterranean Region --- Antiquities --- Archaeology and history. --- Classical antiquities. --- Mediterranean Region - Antiquities. --- History. --- History & Archaeology --- Archaeology --- Antiquities. --- Antiquities, Classical --- Antiquities, Grecian --- Antiquities, Roman --- Archaeology, Classical --- Classical archaeology --- Roman antiquities --- Historical archaeology --- History and archaeology --- Archaeological museums and collections --- Art, Ancient --- Classical philology --- History --- Mediterranean Region - Antiquities
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295.2 --- 299.15 --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- -Mithraea --- -Mithraism --- -Romans --- -Ethnology --- Italic peoples --- Latini (Italic people) --- Mithras (Zoroastrian deity) --- Zoroastrianism --- Mithraeums --- Cave temples --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Mithras-cultus --- Godsdiensten van de Erameeërs en Indo-Erameeërs --- Provinces --- Europe, Western --- -Rome --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Antiquities, Roman --- -Religion. --- Mithraea --- Mithraism --- Roman provinces --- Romans --- Provinces. --- Religion. --- -Mithras-cultus --- 299.15 Godsdiensten van de Erameeërs en Indo-Erameeërs --- 295.2 Mithras-cultus --- -299.15 Godsdiensten van de Erameeërs en Indo-Erameeërs --- Ethnology --- Religion --- Antiquities, Roman.
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Christianity and other religions --- Church history --- Paganism --- History --- Europe --- Religion.
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The Huns, invading through Dariali Gorge on the modern-day border between Russia and Georgia in AD 395 and 515, spread terror across the late antique world. Was this the prelude to the apocalypse? Prophecies foresaw a future Hunnic onslaught, via the same mountain pass, bringing about the end of the world. Humanity's fate depended on a gated barrier deep in Europe's highest and most forbidding mountain chain.Centuries before the emergence of such apocalyptic beliefs, the gorge had reached world fame. It was the target of a planned military expedition by the Emperor Nero. Chained to the dramatic sheer cliffs, framing the narrow passage, the mythical fire-thief Prometheus suffered severe punishment, his liver devoured by an eagle. It was known under multiple names, most commonly the Caspian or Alan Gates.Featuring in the works of literary giants, no other mountain pass in the ancient and medieval world matches Dariali's fame. Yet little was known about the materiality of this mythical place. A team of archaeologists has now shed much new light on the major gorge-blocking fort and a barrier wall on a steep rocky ridge further north. The walls still standing today were built around the time of the first major Hunnic invasion in the late fourth century - when the Caucasus defenses feature increasingly prominently in negotiations between the Great Powers of Persia and Rome. In its endeavor to strongly fortify the strategic mountain pass through the Central Caucasus, the workforce erased most traces of earlier occupation. The Persian-built bastion saw heavy occupation for 600 years. Its multi-faith medieval garrison controlled Trans-Caucasian traffic. Everyday objects and human remains reveal harsh living conditions and close connections to the Muslim South, as well as the steppe world of the north. The Caspian Gates explains how a highly strategic rock has played a pivotal role in world history from Classical Antiquity into the twentieth century.
History, Ancient --- Archaeology --- History --- Social Science --- History, ancient --- Social science --- Excavations (Archaeology)
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The Huns, invading through Dariali Gorge on the modern-day border between Russia and Georgia in AD 395 and 515, spread terror across the late antique world. Was this the prelude to the apocalypse? Prophecies foresaw a future Hunnic onslaught, via the same mountain pass, bringing about the end of the world. Humanity's fate depended on a gated barrier deep in Europe's highest and most forbidding mountain chain. Centuries before the emergence of such apocalyptic beliefs, the gorge had reached world fame. It was the target of a planned military expedition by the Emperor Nero. Chained to the dramatic sheer cliffs, framing the narrow passage, the mythical fire-thief Prometheus suffered severe punishment, his liver devoured by an eagle. It was known under multiple names, most commonly the Caspian or Alan Gates. Featuring in the works of literary giants, no other mountain pass in the ancient and medieval world matches Dariali's fame. Yet little was known about the materiality of this mythical place. A team of archaeologists has now shed much new light on the major gorge-blocking fort and a barrier wall on a steep rocky ridge further north. The walls still standing today were built around the time of the first major Hunnic invasion in the late fourth century - when the Caucasus defences feature increasingly prominently in negotiations between the Great Powers of Persia and Rome. In its endeavour to strongly fortify the strategic mountain pass through the Central Caucasus, the workforce erased most traces of earlier occupation. The Persian-built bastion saw heavy occupation for 600 years. Its multi-faith medieval garrison controlled Trans-Caucasian traffic. Everyday objects and human remains reveal harsh living conditions and close connections to the Muslim South, as well as the steppe world of the north. The Caspian Gates explains how a highly strategic rock has played a pivotal role in world history from Classical Antiquity into the twentieth century ; Les Huns, qui ont envahi les gorges de Darial, à la frontière actuelle entre la Russie et la Géorgie, en 395 et 515 après J.-C., ont semé la terreur dans le monde à l'époque de l'Antiquité tardive. Était-ce le prélude à l'apocalypse ? Les prophéties prévoyaient un futur assaut des Huns, via le même col de montagne, provoquant la fin du monde. Le sort de l'humanité dépendait d'une barrière fermée au plus profond de la plus haute et de la plus infranchissable chaîne de montagnes d'Europe. Des siècles avant l'émergence de ces croyances apocalyptiques, les gorges avaient acquis une renommée mondiale. Elles étaient la cible d'une expédition militaire planifiée par l'empereur Néron. Enchaîné aux spectaculaires falaises abruptes qui encadraient l'étroit passage, le mythique voleur de feu Prométhée fut sévèrement puni, son foie étant dévoré par un aigle. Elles étaient connues sous de multiples noms, le plus souvent la Caspienne ou la Porte des Alains. Présent dans les œuvres des classiques littéraires, aucun autre col de montagne dans le monde antique et médiéval n'égale la renommée de la Passe de Darial. Pourtant, on savait peu de choses sur la présence réelle de ce lieu mythique. Une équipe d'archéologues a maintenant fait de nouvelles découvertes sur le fort principal qui bloque la vallée et sur un mur d'enceinte situé sur une crête rocheuse abrupte plus au nord. Les murs qui subsistent encore aujourd'hui ont été construits à l'époque de la première grande invasion hunnique, à la fin du IVe siècle, lorsque les défenses du Caucase ont pris une place de plus en plus importante dans les négociations entre les grandes puissances de Perse et de Rome. Dans son entreprise pour fortifier efficacement le passage stratégique de la montagne à travers le Caucase central, les constructeurs ont effacé la plupart des traces d'une occupation antérieure. Le bastion construit par les Perses a connu une forte occupation pendant 600 ans. Sa garnison médiévale multiconfessionnelle contrôlait le trafic transcaucasien. Les objets de la vie quotidienne et les restes humains révèlent des conditions de vie difficiles et des liens étroits avec le Sud musulman, ainsi qu'avec le monde des steppes du Nord. Les portes de la Caspienne expliquent comment un rocher hautement stratégique a joué un rôle central dans l'histoire du monde, de l'Antiquité classique au XXe siècle
Antiquities. --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Excavations (Archaeology). --- Dariali (Georgia)
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