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Fractals and Multifractals in the Geosciences details the application of a wide range of multifractal methods, including many novel ones developed by the author, along with the assessment of uncertainty in sample classification and stability of spatial patterns. This book also provides criteria for selection of the most effective combination of data pre-processing and multifractal modeling to extract desired features or signals in the data. The book specifically aims to introduce, apply, and test novel multifractal models that account directly for changes in relationships between variables, as well as the effects of distance between samples and the source of anomalous metal contents in geoscience samples. Linked to this will be assessment of the effects of different pre-processing of data prior to application of the models and quantification/model uncertainty in geochemical anomaly maps, associated with sample classification and spatial interpolation. Gaussian simulations such as Sequential Gaussian Simulation and Monte Carlo Simulation will be applied to the new multifractal models developed and a suite of existing models, including (simulated) concentration-area, spectrum-area, singularity and other models.Fractals and Multifractals in the Geosciences will be invaluable for mathematical geoscientists, geostatisticians, exploration, applied, urban and environmental geochemists, computational geoscientists, data scientists, and GIS professionals who need to better understand fractal geometry, along with its theory and applications in geochemical anomaly classification to generate maps that are helpful for decision-making for follow-up sampling and explorations.

Fractales. --- Géochimie. --- Fractals. --- Geochemistry.

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The volume contains highly original articles on Islamic history, law, and thought, each either proposing new hypotheses or readjusting existing ones. The contributions range from studies in the formulation of the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar to notes on the 'blood-money group' in Islamic law, and to transformations in Arabic logic in the post-Avicennan period. Prepared by former students of Michael A. Cook, to whom this volume is dedicated, these studies not only shed new light on the development of the Islamic scholarly tradition from various perspectives, but together they also represent the honoree's vast, profound, and continuing impact on the field. This collection of highly empirical articles is intended for scholars and students specializing in various subfields within Islamic Studies.

Islamic civilization. --- Islam. --- Islamic law. --- Civilization, Islamic --- Muslim civilization --- Civilization --- Civilization, Arab --- Civil law (Islamic law) --- Law, Arab --- Law, Islamic --- Law in the Qurʼan --- Sharia (Islamic law) --- Shariʻah (Islamic law) --- Law, Oriental --- Law, Semitic --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Islamic civilization --- Islamic law --- Islam --- History --- Festschrift - Libri Amicorum --- History.

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Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells which reside in a variety of tissues. They differentiate into several mesodermal lineages, secrete a multitude of trophic factors and contribute to tissue homeostasis. MSCs are able to exert immunosuppressive activities by interfering with inflammatory cytokine production and with T- and B-cell proliferation. These immunomodulating properties make MSCs promising candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. There are, however, certain caveats involved including inappropriate migration of cells in the body, immune rejection, tumor formation, or graft versus host disease (GvHD). This book investigates the current state of the MSC-dependent therapy of chronic inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Among the covered topics are GvHD, chronic kidney, liver and lung disease, ischemic heart and inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, various rheumatic and neurological disorders and, lastly, tumors and solid organ transplantations. This book also questions the immunoprivileged status of MSCs, discusses the therapeutic role of MSCs in experimental animal disease models and their translation to the corresponding human disorders, envisions a role for MSCs in tumor interventions and, lastly, describes a systems biology approach for stem cells and inflammation.

Inflammation. --- Mesenchymal stem cells --- Bone marrow stromal cells --- Marrow stromal cells --- MSCs (Mesenchymal stem cells) --- Stromal cells, Bone marrow --- Stromal cells, Marrow --- Multipotent stem cells --- Inflammatory process --- Pathology --- Anti-inflammatory agents --- Transplantation. --- Autoimmune Disorders. --- Immunomodulation. --- Regenerative Medicine. --- Stem Cells.