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The study of medical history is interesting in itself and may help to modify the view sometimes expressed that medical students and doctors are lacking in culture of any sort. Moreover, some historical perspective is often advantageous when one is considering the multitude of advances that are now taking place in the theory and practice of medicine. This book, containing a series of collected papers concerning immunology and pathology and vascular biology and angiogenesis, drives us through scientific milestones in the history of medicine in the course of the past two centuries and highlights the contribution of pioneering scientists whose discoveries have paved the way to many researchers working in the fields of cell biology, developmental biology, immunology, pathology, and oncology. This book will serve as a resource for scientists, historians of medicine and philosophers of science and medicine.

Medicine -- History. --- Scientists -- History. --- Medicine --- Scientists --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Natural Science Disciplines --- Humanities --- History --- History, 20th Century --- History of Medicine --- History, 19th Century --- Science --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Oncology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- History. --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Philosophy and science. --- Oncology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- History of Medicine. --- Philosophy of Medicine. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy. --- Professional employees --- Oncology  . --- Medicine-Philosophy. --- Tumors --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Medicine—History. --- Medicine—Philosophy. --- Science and philosophy --- Cancer research --- Geschichte 1850-2010. --- Cancer. --- Cancer Biology. --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors

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The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an extraembryonic membrane which serves as a gas exchange surface and its function is supported by a dense capillary network. Because of its extensive vascularization and easy accessibility, the CAM has been broadly used to study the morpho-functional aspects of the angiogenesis process in vivo and to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic natural and synthetic molecules. The CAM is a suitable site for transplanting tissues, which can survive and develop in the CAM by peripheral anastomoses between graft and original CAM vasculature or by new angiogenic vessels grown from the CAM that invade the graft. While the formation of peripheral anastomoses between host and pre-existing donor vessels is the main, and the most common, mechanism involved in the revascularization of embryonic grafts, the growth of CAM-derived vessels into the graft is only stimulated in tumor grafts. The CAM has long been a favored system for the study of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, because at this stage the chick immunocompetence system is not fully developed and the conditions for rejection have not been established. Tumors remain avascular for 72 h, after which they are penetrated by new blood vessels and begin a phase of rapid growth. Also, delivery of tumor cells onto the CAM allows the fine study of the effects of tumor derived angiogenic growth factors on blood vessel structure and functionality. The CAM may also used to verify the ability to inhibit the growth of capillaries by implanting tumors onto the CAM and by comparing tumor growth and vascularization with or without the administration of an anti-angiogenic molecule. Other studies using the tumor cells/CAM model have focused on the invasion of the chorionic epithelium and the blood vessels by tumor cells. The cells invade the epithelium and the mesenchymal connective tissue below, where they are found in the form of a dense bed of blood vessels, which is a target for intravasation.

Chickens -- Embryos. --- Metastasis -- Animal models. --- Metastasis. --- Neovascularization -- Animal models. --- Neovascularization. --- Neovascularization --- Metastasis --- Chickens --- Medicine --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Oncology --- Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal models --- Embryos --- Cancer --- Cancer metastasis --- Dissemination of cancer --- Metastases --- Metastatic cancer --- Neoplasm metastasis --- Spread of cancer --- Tumor dissemination --- Tumor metastasis --- Tumor spread --- Angiogenesis --- Dissemination --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Oncology. --- Pathology. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Pathology --- Cancer invasiveness --- Cancer of unknown primary origin --- Blood-vessels --- Growth --- Oncology  . --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Diseases --- Medicine, Preventive --- Tumors --- Cancer research

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This work describes the importance of tumor microenvironment in favouring tumor progression and angiogenesis. Under physiological conditions, angiogenesis is dependent on the balance of positive and negative angiogenic modulators within the vascular microenvironment and requires the functional activities of a number of molecules, including angiogenic factors, extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules and proteolytic enzymes. In normal tissues, vascular quiescence is maintained by the dominant influence of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors over angiogenic stimuli. Tumor angiogenesis is linked to a switch in the balance between positive and negative regulators, and mainly depends on the release by inflammatory or neoplastic cells of specific growth factors for endothelial cells, that stimulate the growth of the blood vessels of the host or the down-regulation of natural angiogenesis inhibitors. In particular, the inflammatory infiltrate may contribute to tumor angiogenesis, and there are many reports of associations between tumor inflammatory infiltrate, vascularity and prognosis. New therapeutic approaches have been developed with the aim to control tumor angiogenesis through targeting of different components of tumor microenvironment.

Oncology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Tumors. --- Pathology, Cellular. --- Cellular pathology --- Cytopathology --- Neoplasms --- Tumours --- Pathology --- Cytodiagnosis --- Cysts (Pathology) --- Oncology. --- Oncology  . --- Pathology. --- Cancer Research. --- Pharmacotherapy. --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Diseases --- Medicine, Preventive --- Tumors --- Cancer research. --- Drug therapy --- Pharmacotherapy --- Therapeutics --- Drugs --- Pharmacology --- Cancer research

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This book is focused on the analysis of the role played by immune cell components in the angiogenic process associated with inflammation and tumor growth. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the mechanisms of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and activation, through the production and release of a large spectrum of pro-angiogenic mediators. These may create the specific microenvironment that favors an increased rate of tissue vascularization. The link between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis was first proposed by Rudolf Virchow in 1863 after the observation that infiltrating leukocytes are a hallmark of tumors and first established a causative connection between the lymph reticular infiltrate at sites of chronic inflammation and the development of cancer. Tumors were described as wounds that never heal and surgeons have long described the tendency of tumors to recur in healing resection margin and it has been reported that wound healing environment provides an opportunistic matrix for tumor growth. As angiogenesis is the result of a net balance between the activities exerted by positive and negative regulators, this book will also provide information on some anti-angiogenic properties of immune cells that may be utilized for a potential pharmacological use as anti-angiogenic agents in inflammation as well as in cancer. The work is written for researchers in the field and also for graduate students which approach this matter. .

Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Inflammation. --- Neovascularization. --- Angiogenesis --- Blood-vessels --- Inflammatory process --- Pathology --- Anti-inflammatory agents --- Growth --- Oncology. --- Tumors --- Cancer research

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This book covers the most important aspects of Mast Cell Biology. It enables the reader to immerse in the new aspects of Mast Cells biology, which are no longer seen as an immunological effector cell, but a multi-functional efector cell. One which have roles that expands beyond the immunological realm and shows deep implications in the pathophysiology of several human disorders as well as transforming into a very important and promising target for therapy development in cancer, neurodegerative disorders, angiogenesis, inflammation and allergy. Across twelve chapter on Mast Cells Research, starting from the discovery and characterization of Mast Cells until the lastest findings and translational perspectives, the reader will get a complete view and a profound insight on the fundamental and applied aspects of Mast Cells Biology. The chapters are written in a clear and concise way in order to help navigating through complex biological scenarios. The author, Domenico Ribatti, Full professor of the University of Bari, is an expert in the field of Mast Cells with more than 800 publications.

Mast cells. --- Oncology. --- Immunology. --- Human genetics. --- Medicine. --- Cytology. --- Cancer Research. --- Human Genetics. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Cell Biology. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Health Workforce --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Tumors --- Cancer research. --- Molecular biology. --- Cell biology. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cancer research