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Medieval commercial transactions did not occur spontaneously. They were crafted by merchants with the support of numerous personnel on the medieval marketplace: notaries, innkeepers, brokers, transporters, and subordinate personnel of the merchant's entourage. This study introduces the reader to the challenges of trade in the Mediterranean world and to specific market conditions in the Mediterranean French town of Montpellier. A case study of the business of the Cabanis merchants permits an in-depth examination of the facilitation of trade by intermediaries whose activities are traced in the discovery phase of arranging a deal and in its closing and execution. Medieval business practice involved multiple layers of personnel. The complexities of medieval trade are revealed in the new emphasis given to those who assisted merchants in their commercial endeavors.
Montpellier (France) --- Commerce --- History. --- History of France --- anno 1200-1499 --- Montpellier --- History --- Montpellier (France) - Commerce - History. --- commerce --- Middle Ages
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In the late 1320s, Martha de Cabanis was widowed with three young sons, eleven, eight, and four years of age. Her challenges would be many: to raise and train her children to carry on their father's business; to preserve that business until they were ready to take over; and to look after her own financial well-being. Examining the visible trail Martha left in Montpellier's notarial registers and other records, Kathryn L. Reyerson reveals a wealth of information about her activities, particularly in the area of business, commerce, and real estate. From these formal, contractual documents, Reyerson gleans something of Martha's personality and reconstructs what she may have done, and a good deal of what she actually did, in her various roles of daughter, wife, mother, and widow. Mother and Sons, Inc. demonstrates that while women were hardly equal to men in the fourteenth century, under the right conditions afforded by wealth and the status of widowhood, they could do and did more than many have thought. Within the space of twenty years, Martha developed a complex real estate fortune, enlarged a cloth manufacturing business and trading venture, and provided for the support and education of her sons. Just how the widow Martha maneuvered within the legal constraints of her social, economic, and personal status forms the heart of the book's investigation.
Women merchants --- Widows --- Guardian and ward --- Guardianships --- Tutelage --- Wards --- Domestic relations --- Trusts and trustees --- Conservatorships --- Interdiction (Civil law) --- Market women --- Businesswomen --- Merchants --- Marital status --- Women --- History --- Law and legislation --- Cabanis, Martha de, --- Montpellier (France) --- Economic conditions. --- Cabanis, de, Martha --- Montpellier
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This book illuminates the connections and interaction among women and between women and men during the medieval period. To do this, Kathryn L. Reyerson focuses specifically on the experiences of Agnes de Bossones, widow of a changer of the mercantile elite of Montpellier. Agnes was a real estate mogul and a patron of philanthropic institutions that permitted lower strata women to survive and thrive in a mature urban economy of the period before 1350. Notably, Montpellier was a large urban center in southern France. Linkages stretched horizontally and vertically in this robust urban environment, mitigating the restrictions of patriarchy and the constraints of gender. Using the story of Agnes de Bossones as a vehicle to larger discussions about gender, this book highlights the undeniable impact that networks had on women’s mobility and navigation within a restrictive medieval society.
Old English literature --- History --- History of France --- History of Europe --- geschiedenis --- literatuur --- gender --- Europese geschiedenis --- middeleeuwen --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 500-799 --- anno 800-1199 --- anno 1200-1499 --- France --- Europe
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The first full length volume to approach the premodern Mediterranean from a fully interdisciplinary perspective, this collection defines the Mediterranean as a coherent region with distinct patterns of social, political, and cultural exchange. The essays explore the production, modification, and circulation of identities based on religion, ethnicity, profession, gender, and status as free or slave within three distinctive Mediterranean geographies: islands, entrepôts and empires. Individual essays explore such topics as interreligious conflict and accommodation; immigration and diaspora; polylingualism; classical imitation and canon formation; traffic in sacred objects; Mediterranean slavery; and the dream of a reintegrated Roman empire. Integrating environmental, social, political, religious, literary, artistic, and linguistic concerns, this collection offers a new model for approaching a distinct geographical region as a unique site of cultural and social exchange.--
Comparative literature --- Thematology --- Mediterranean countries --- Literature. --- Mediterranean Region --- Mediterranean Region. --- In literature.
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This book synthesizes three fields of inquiry on the cutting edge of scholarship in medieval studies and world history: the history of medieval Sicily; the history of maritime violence, often named as piracy; and digital humanities. By merging these seemingly disparate strands in the scholarship of world history and medieval studies into a single volume, this book offers new insights into the history of medieval Sicily and the study of maritime violence. As several of the essays in this volume demonstrate, maritime violence fundamentally shaped experience in the medieval Mediterranean, as every ship that sailed, even those launched for commerce or travel, anticipated the possibility of encountering pirates, or dabbling in piracy themselves.
History of civilization --- History --- History of Italy --- History of Eastern Europe --- History of Europe --- cultuurgeschiedenis --- geschiedenis --- Europese geschiedenis --- middeleeuwen --- anno 500-1499 --- Europe
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History. --- Piracy. --- Sicily (Italy) --- History --- Maritime piracy --- Offenses against public safety
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"Marginality assumes a variety of forms in current discussions of the Middle Ages. Modern scholars have considered a seemingly innumerable list of people to have been marginalized in the European Middle Ages: the poor, criminals, unorthodox religious, the disabled, the mentally ill, women, so-called infidels, and the list goes on. If so many inhabitants of medieval Europe can be qualified as "marginal," it is important to interrogate where the margins lay and what it means that the majority of people occupied them. In addition, we scholars need to re-examine our use of a term that seems to have such broad applicability to ensure that we avoid imposing marginality on groups in the Middle Ages that the era itself may not have considered as such. In the medieval era, when belonging to a community was vitally important, people who lived on the margins of society could be particularly vulnerable. And yet, as scholars have shown, we ought not forget that this heightened vulnerability sometimes prompted so-called "marginals" to form their own communities, as a way of redefining the center and placing themselves within it. The present volume explores the concept of marginality, to whom the moniker has been applied, to whom it might usefully be applied, and how we might more meaningfully define marginality based on historical sources rather than modern assumptions. Although the volume's geographic focus is Europe, the chapters look further afield to North Africa, the Sahara, and the Levant acknowledging that at no time, and certainly not in the Middle Ages, was Europe cut off from other parts of the globe"--
Marginality, Social --- History --- Europe --- Europe --- Social conditions --- History
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Définir toujours plus finement les contours des sociétés médiévales et les hiérarchies qui les traversent, mettre en lumière leurs stratégies économiques, scripturaires et politiques en valorisant l’agency des individus, tels sont les champs embrassés par François Menant ces quarante dernières années. Le crédit, les conjonctures de crise et les réponses qu’y apportent les sociétés urbaines et rurales, leur litteracy et leur communication politique sont autant de thèmes sur lesquels cet ouvrage a l’ambition d’offrir un panorama actualisé. Couvrant un large arc chronologique, du haut Moyen Âge à la Renaissance, dans un espace européen généralement orienté autour de la Méditerranée, ce livre collectif a également vocation à retracer les vastes réseaux scientifiques internationaux tissés par François Menant au cours de sa carrière : anciens élèves de l’École normale supérieure de Paris, maîtres de conférence, professeurs des universités, venus de France, d’Europe ou des Amériques offrent ainsi un instantané de la recherche en histoire économique et sociale actuelle. De l’individu au groupe, de la figure de l’entrepreneur médiéval aux élites rurales, de François Menant à ses élèves et à ses collègues, tel est le chemin que permettra de parcourir cette étude.
History --- Medieval & Renaissance Studies --- civilisation médiévale --- Méditerranée --- Lombardie --- crises médiévales --- développement économique --- élites rurales --- identités sociales --- communication politique --- pouvoir --- Mediterranean Region --- Civilization.
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