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The Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (HSOAC) was tasked with using the National Risk Management Center's (NRMC's) National Critical Function (NCF) risk assessment framework to assess risk to each NCF and complete individual risk analyses for the 55 NCFs. The NRMC also requested that HSOAC perform additional tasks, including providing a report on emerging lessons learned from risk management efforts to limit the impact and disruption that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had on the 55 NCFs. This report presents insights into best practices in risk assessment; challenges in the implementation of the NCF risk assessment framework to characterize risk to critical infrastructure associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; recommendations for improving the framework; and suggestions for further characterization of NCFs' interdependence, vulnerability, and geographic variation that could improve risk assessment processes.