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The role of emotions is important in explaining conflicts and their resolution. Witness the emotions surrounding the outbreak of wars past and current and their endings. In order to introduce the perspective of emotions as an explanatory scheme of conflict escalation and crises, a comparison to classical conceptions such as the pursuit of power or commercial and financial interests is warranted. On first glance these two explanatory schemes seem to be at opposite extremes. However, new approaches to decision-making and rationality and challenges to the traditional expected utility model make these two conceptions much more compatible. The new perspective of rank dependent expected utility and the closely related notion of utility functions, which can both represent risk averse and risk preferring attitudes in decision-making go a long way in incorporating emotions within otherwise rational choices. One can thus build models that account more easily for conflict escalations but also for conflict resolution. These theoretical considerations are investigated within empirical cases of civil wars and shown to be effective in explaining the origins but also the breakdown of conflicts.

Emotions --- Feelings --- Human emotions --- Passions --- Psychological aspects. --- Psychology --- Affect (Psychology) --- Affective neuroscience --- Apathy --- Pathognomy --- History --- Psychology: emotions. --- Conflict management. --- Emotions. --- Military / Wars & Conflicts (Other). --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Social conflict --- Crisis management

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Analyses of the international climate change regime consider the challenges of maintaining current structures and the possibilities for creating new forms of international cooperation.

Climate change mitigation --- Climatic changes --- International cooperation --- Climatic changes. --- International cooperation. --- ENVIRONMENT/Environmental Politics & Policy --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Political Science/International Relations & Security --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Climate mitigation --- Climatic mitigation --- Mitigation of climate change --- Environmental protection --- Environmental aspects --- Mitigation --- Global environmental change --- Climate change mitigation - International cooperation

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International relations --- Research

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Globalization --- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-