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The understanding of chemokines, the proteins that control the migration of cells, and their receptors, is critical to the study of causes and therapies for a wide range of human diseases and infections, including certain types of cancer, inflammatory diseases, HIV, and malaria. This volume, focusing on chemokines as potential targets for disease intervention, and its companion volume (Methods in Enzymology volume 462, focusing on chemokine structure and function, as well as signaling) provide a comprehensive overview and time-tested protocols in this field, making it an essential refe

Chemokines. --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Biology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Immune system. --- Immunological system --- Chemotactic cytokines --- Inflammatory peptides --- Intercrines --- Anatomy --- Immunology --- Cytokines --- Inflammation --- Peptides --- Mediators

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous noncoding regulatory mRNAs of around 22-nucleotides long, have rapidly emerged as one of the key governors of the gene expression regulatory program in cells of varying species, with ever-increasing implications in the control of the fundamental biological processes and in the pathogenesis of adult humans. The exciting findings in this field have inspired us with a premise and a promise that miRNAs will ultimately be taken to the heart for therapy of human disease. While miRNAs have been considered potential therapeutic targets for disease treatment, it remains obscured what strategies we can use to achieve the goal. In the past years, we have witnessed a rapid evolving of many creative, innovative, inventive strategies and methodologies pertinent to miRNA research and applications. These technologies have convincingly demonstrated their efficacy and reliability in producing gain-of-function or loss-of-function of miRNAs through targeting miRNA expression/biogenesis/function, providing new tools for elucidating miRNA functions and opening up a new avenue for the development of new agents targeting miRNAs for therapeutic aims. The present book provides comprehensive descriptions of these technologies and their applications to miRNA research and to new drug design for miRNA-related diseases. It starts with an overview of up-to-date knowledge of miRNA biology and the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for human disease, followed by an introduction of the new concept of miRNA interference (miRNAi) and the perspectives of miRNAi technologies in general terms. In the following, each chapter introduces one of the miRNAi technologies with detailed descriptions of state-of-the-art design, procedures, principles and applications to basic research, R&D and clinical therapy.

MicroRNA --- Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Gene expression. --- Gene therapy. --- Life sciences. --- Toxicology. --- MicroRNAs --- RNA Interference --- RNA, Antisense --- Gene Silencing --- RNA, Small Untranslated --- RNA --- Antisense Elements (Genetics) --- Epigenesis, Genetic --- RNA, Untranslated --- Gene Expression Regulation --- Nucleic Acids --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Genetic Processes --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Genetic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Cytology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- RNA. --- Biological interfaces. --- Biointerfaces --- Biological surfaces --- Biosurfaces --- Interfaces, Biological --- Surface sciences (Biology) --- Surfaces (Biology) --- Ribonucleic acid --- Ribose nucleic acid --- Pharmacology. --- Cell biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Gene Expression. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Gene Therapy. --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Surface chemistry --- Nucleic acids --- Ribose --- Therapy, Gene --- Genetic engineering --- Therapeutics --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Toxicology --- Expression --- Composition --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect