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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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During the Vietnam War, more than 70 million liters of military herbicide were sprayed over the combat zone. This study uses self and proxy-reported data on cancer status obtained from a nationally representative health survey of the Vietnamese population (N=158,019), combined with measures of military herbicide exposure computed from detailed information on US and allied wartime military activities. No significant difference in the prevalence of reported cancer is detected between communes with some degree of exposure and those with none. When restricting the analysis to exposed communes and adopting a continuous measure of herbicide exposure, there is evidence of a dose-response relationship; among communes that were exposed, increasing exposure to past military spraying is associated with increasing prevalence of reported cancer in 2001-2002. There is mixed evidence as to whether cohorts born before or after the end of the spraying campaigns are equally affected.

Alcohol consumption --- Breast cancer --- Brown Issues and Health --- Conflict and Development --- Disease Control and Prevention --- Environment --- Epidemiology --- Epilepsy --- Gender --- Gender and Health --- Hazard Risk Management --- Health care --- Health effects --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health outcomes --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Leukemia --- Mental health --- Migration --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Outpatient care --- Peace and Peacekeeping --- Pollution --- Population Policies --- Prostate cancer --- Risk factors --- Screening --- Smoking --- Urban Development --- Victims --- Violence

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We analyze the relationship between international trade and the quality of economic institutions, such as contract enforcement, rule of law, and property rights. In our model, firms differ in their preferences for institutional quality, which is determined endogenously in a political economy framework. We show that trade opening can worsen institutions when it increases the political power of a small elite of large exporters who prefer to maintain bad institutions. The detrimental effect of trade on institutions is most likely to occur when a small country captures a sufficiently large share of world exports in sectors characterized by economic profits.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Equality. --- Income distribution. --- International trade. --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Political Economy --- Agriculture: General --- Trade: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Labor Economics: General --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Finance --- Political economy --- Labour --- income economics --- Agricultural commodities --- Exports --- Competition --- Labor --- Farm produce --- Economics --- Labor economics --- United States --- Income economics

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek