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Heart. --- Sarcolemma. --- Mitochondrial membranes. --- Cell Membrane --- Cytological Techniques --- Heart --- Myocardium --- Cytologic Technics --- Cytological Technic --- Cytological Technics --- Cytological Technique --- Technic, Cytological --- Technics, Cytological --- Technique, Cytological --- Techniques, Cytological --- Cytologic Technic --- Technic, Cytologic --- Technics, Cytologic --- Cell Biology --- metabolism --- physiology --- methods --- Cytology

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Proteases form one of the largest and most diverse families of enzymes known. Once considered primarily as “enzymes of digestion,” it is now clear that proteases are involved in every aspect of cellular function. Members of the diverse families of proteases act to promote cellular proteolysis found in nature, and their deregulation may result in different pathophysiological conditions, such as tumor progression, vascular remodeling, atherosclerotic plaque progression, ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Many micro-organisms require proteases for replication or use proteases as virulence factors, which have facilitated the development of protease-targeted therapies for a variety of parasitic diseases. Proteases in Health and Disease represents a comprehensive overview of the fascinating field of proteases by various renowned experts, and focuses on the recently elucidated functions of complex proteolytic systems in physiology and pathophysiology. Part A, Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of Proteases, illustrates some of the major proteases, such as calpains, matrix metalloproteases, fibrinolytic serine proteases, and aspartic proteases, which play a significant role in a variety of pathologies and may be a target for therapy either by their up regulation or down regulation. Part B, Involvement of Proteases in Diseases Processes, deals with the functional roles of the individual proteases in the progression of diseases such as cardiovascular and inflammatory lung disease, malaria, cholera, autism spectrum disorder, hepatitis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury induced cardiac diseases. With this multi-disciplinary scope, the book bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, making this a thought-provoking reading for basic and applied scientists engaged in biomedical research.   About the Editors: Dr. Sajal Chakraborti is a Senior Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India. His research covers the role of proteases in regulating pulmonary vascular tone under oxidant- and calcium-signaling phenomena. He has been engaged in teaching and research in biochemistry for the past 35 years. Dr. Naranjan Dhalla is a Distinguished Professor at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.  His expertise includes the subcellular and molecular basis of heart function in health and disease. He has been engaged in multidisciplinary research and education for promoting the scientific basis of cardiology, as well as training of professional manpower for combating heart disease for over 40 years.  .

Proteins -- Metabolism. --- Proteolytic enzymes -- Health aspects. --- Ubiquitin. --- Proteolytic enzymes --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biology - General --- Biochemistry --- Physiological effect --- Health aspects --- Pathophysiology --- Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Life sciences. --- Proteomics. --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Composition --- Cell biology. --- Cell physiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell Physiology. --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Science --- Medical sciences --- Cell function --- Cytology --- Physiology

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It is now well known that proteases are found everywhere, in viruses and bacteria as well as in all human, animal and plant cells, and play a role in a variety of biological functions ranging from digestion, fertilization, development to senescence and death. Under physiological conditions the ability of proteases is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. However, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result, as seen in Alzheimer’s disease, cancer metastasis and tumor progression, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Thus it is evident that there is an absolute need for a tighter control of proteolytic activities in different cells and tissues. Aimed at graduate students and researchers with an interest in cellular proteolytic events, Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunctions is the second book on Proteases in this series. The book consists of three parts in specified topics based on current literatures for a better understanding for the readers with respect to their subject-wise interests. The first section of this book covers a brief idea about the neuronal disorders and the involvement of proteases such as calpains, caspases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The second section covers the deadly disease cancer and its relation to ubiquitin-proteosomal system, MMPs and serine proteases. The last section is about the role of proteases such as calpains, MMPs and serine protease as well as urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in causing cardiovascular defects.

Cell metabolism. --- Cell receptors. --- Cytology. --- Neurosciences. --- Oncology. --- Proteolytic enzymes. --- Proteomics. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell surface receptors --- Receptors, Cell --- Cells --- Peptide hydrolases --- Proteases --- Metabolism --- Life sciences. --- Cancer research. --- Proteins. --- Cell physiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Physiology. --- Receptors. --- Cancer Research. --- Biomedicine general. --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Hydrolases --- Tumors --- Biology --- Cytologists --- Binding sites (Biochemistry) --- Cell membranes --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Medicine. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Cell function --- Cytology --- Physiology --- Proteins . --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce --- Cancer research --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Cancer. --- Medicine --- Protein Biochemistry. --- Cell Biology. --- Cancer Biology. --- Neuroscience. --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors

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The biological membranes of cellular organization enfold an important group of membrane proteins called the ATPases, which are not only versatile in maintaining chemical gradient and electrical potential across the membrane but also bring metabolites necessary for cell metabolism and drive out toxins, waste products and solutes that otherwise can curb cell functions. ATPases are distributed virtually in all live forms starting from unicellular to multicellular and also in viruses. There are different types of ATPases, which differ in function and structure and in the type of ions they transport. The three main types of the ion pump ATPase family are: (i) P-type ATPases that transport different ions across membranes and Ca2+ATPases belongs to this catagory (ii) F-type ATPase in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacterial plasma membranes produce ATP using the proton gradient; and (iii) V-type ATPase catalyzes ATP hydrolysis to transport solutes and maintains acidic pH in organelles like lysosomes. Genetic defects in either of the ATPases cause several diseases and a number of researches have demonstrated the involvement of the members of ATPases in the cell pathology and diseases, thereby penetrating exciting new areas of our understanding. In this book, the authors summarize recent knowledge about the molecular mechanisms associated with Ca2+-ATPase, V-ATPase and F-ATPase in intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ transport, mitochondrial ATP synthase, vesicular H+ transport, and lysosomal pH regulation. This book thereby bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The book provides an informative resource to improve ATPase research and modern therapeutic approaches toward different life threatening diseases that are associated with dysregulation of the ATPases.

Biochemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Adenosine triphosphatase. --- Adenosinetriphosphatase --- Adenylopyrophosphatase --- ATP monophosphatase --- ATP phosphohydrolase --- ATP synthase --- ATP synthetase --- ATPase --- Life sciences. --- Molecular biology. --- Proteins. --- Cell membranes. --- Atomic structure. --- Molecular structure. --- Spectra. --- Life Sciences. --- Protein Structure. --- Membrane Biology. --- Protein Science. --- Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Structure, Molecular --- Chemical structure --- Structural bioinformatics --- Structure, Atomic --- Atomic theory --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biophysics --- Systems biology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Qualitative --- Phosphatases --- Biochemistry. --- Medicine. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Proteins . --- Cell membranes . --- Atomic structure  . --- Molecular structure . --- Biological transport. --- Atomic structure . --- Medicine --- Membrane Trafficking. --- Protein Biochemistry. --- Atomic and Molecular Structure and Properties. --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Membrane transport --- Passive transport, Biological --- Physiological transport --- Transport, Biological --- Diffusion --- Osmosis

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Using a multidisciplinary approach, this book describes the biochemical mechanisms associated with dysregulation of proteases and the resulting pathophysiological consequences. It highlights the role and regulation of different types of proteases as well as their synthetic and endogenous inhibitors. The role of proteases was initially thought to be limited to general metabolic digestion. However, we now know that the role of protein breakdown is much more complex, and proteases have multiple functions: they are coupled to turnover and can affect protein composition, function and synthesis. In addition to eliminating abnormal proteins, breakdown has many modulatory functions, including activating and inactivating enzymes, modulating membrane function, altering receptor channel properties, affecting transcription and cell cycles and forming active peptides. The ubiquity of proteases in nature makes them an important target for drug development. This in-depth, comprehensive is a valuable resource for researchers involved in identifying new targets for drug development. With its multidisciplinary scope, it bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries, making it thought-provoking reading for scientists in the field.

Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Human physiology. --- Molecular biology. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Cancer Research. --- Proteolytic enzyme. --- Oncology. --- Tumors --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Physiology --- Human body --- Health Workforce --- Cancer research --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology