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The notion of 'representative democracy' seems unquestionably familiar today, but how did the Victorian era - the epoch when the modern democratic state was made - understand democracy, parliamentary representation, and diversity? In the famous nineteenth-century debates about representation and parliamentary reform, two interlocked ideals were of the greatest importance: descriptive representation, that the House of Commons 'mirror' the diversity that marked society, and deliberation within the legislative assembly. These ideals presented a major obstacle to the acceptance of a democratic suffrage, which it was widely feared would produce an unrepresentative and un-deliberative House of Commons. Here, Gregory Conti examines how the Victorians conceived the representative and deliberative functions of the House of Commons and what it meant for parliament to be the 'mirror of the nation'. Combining historical analysis and political theory, he analyses the fascinating nineteenth-century debates among contending schools of thought over the norms and institutions of deliberative representative government, and explores the consequences of recovering this debate.

Representative government and representation --- Proportional representation --- Democracy --- Political culture --- Culture --- Political science --- Self-government --- Equality --- Republics --- Cumulative voting --- Representation, Proportional --- Voting, Cumulative --- Constitutional law --- Elections --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Constitutional history --- Suffrage --- History --- Great Britain. --- House of Commons (Great Britain) --- England and Wales. --- Great Britain --- Politics and government

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As plants see it, humans are not the masters of the Earth but only one of its most unpleasant and irksome residents. They have been on the planet for only about 300,000 years ago (nothing compared to the three billon years of plant evolution), yet have changed the conditions of the planet so drastically as to make it a dangerous place for their own survival. It's time for the plants to offer advice.In this playful, philosophical manifesto, Stefano Mancuso, expert on plant intelligence, presents a new constitution on which to build our future as beings respectful of the Earth and its inhabitants. These eight articles - the fundamental pillars on which plant life is based - must henceforth regulate all living beings.

Plants --- Human-plant relationships. --- Human beings --- Human beings --- Human-plant relationships. --- Plants. --- History. --- Effect of environment on --- History. --- Effect of environment on.

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What are the limits to parliamentary sovereignty? When should the people be able to vote directly on issues? The constitutional theorist Albert Venn Dicey (1835-1922) was a cogent advocate of the referendum. While his enthusiasm for the institution was widely acknowledged in his own day, thereafter this dimension of his career has been largely neglected. This fall into obscurity is partly explained by the fact that Dicey never collected his writings on referendums into a single volume. Consequently, during the prolonged crisis over Brexit, the implications of Dicey's thought were unclear, despite his standing as a foundational figure in British constitutional law. This timely modern edition brings together Dicey's sophisticated and intricate writings on the referendum, and it covers his attempts to construct a credible theory of democracy on a new intellectual and institutional basis. An original scholarly introduction analyzes Dicey's thought in light of its contemporary context.

Representative government and representation --- Referendum --- Ballot initiatives --- Ballot measures --- Initiative and referendum --- Initiatives, Ballot --- Propositions (Referendum) --- Referenda --- Referendums --- Democracy --- Elections --- Direct democracy --- Plebiscite

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Business cycles --- Capitalism --- Credit --- Globalization --- Information society --- Neoliberalism --- Economic aspects --- Economic aspects

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Visualization for Cyber Security held on September 15, 2008, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, in conjunction with the 11th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID). The 18 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. VizSec research has focused on helping human analysts to detect anomalies and patterns, particularly in computer network defense. This year's paper focus on bridging the gap between visualization and automation.

Computer science --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- cryptologie --- visualisatie --- grafische vormgeving --- database management --- programmatielogica --- computernetwerken