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This volume helps us to understand that the current political disorders in Catalonia have deep cultural roots. It focuses on the rise of Catalan cultural, national and linguistic identity in the 20th century. What is happening in Catalonia? What lies behind its political conflicts? Catalan identity has been evolving for centuries, starting in early medieval ages (11th and 12lve centuries). It is not a modern phenomenon. The emergence of imperial Spain in the 16 c. and the French Ancien Régime in the 17 c. correlates with a decline of Catalan culture, which was politically absorbed by the Spanish state after the conquest of Barcelona in 1714. However, Catalan language and culture flourished again under the stimulus of the European Romantic Nationalism movement (known as the Renaixença in Catalonia). During the first Dictatorship (Primo de Rivera, 1923-1930), the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), and the long Francoist era (1939-1975), Catalan language and culture were repressed, yet refurbished and reconstructed at the same time. This rise of a plural, complex, and non-homogeneous Catalan identity constitutes the subject matter of this volume. National conflicts that emerged later in the Spanish democratic state leant heavily on the life engagement and vital commitment experienced by the entrenched intellectual movements of the twentieth century in Catalonia, Valencian Country and the Balearic Islands. This book reveals the cultural and literary grassroots of these conflicts.

Nationalism --- Collective memory --- Collective remembrance --- Common memory --- Cultural memory --- Emblematic memory --- Historical memory --- National memory --- Public memory --- Social memory --- Memory --- Social psychology --- Group identity --- National characteristics --- Political science --- World politics. --- Literature-History and criticism. --- Civilization-History. --- Linguistic minorities. --- Political Philosophy. --- Political History. --- Literary History. --- Cultural Studies. --- Cultural History. --- Minority Languages. --- Minority languages --- Language and languages --- Minorities --- Sociolinguistics --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Political philosophy --- Philosophy. --- Political aspects --- Political philosophy. --- Literature—History and criticism. --- Cultural studies. --- Civilization—History. --- Catalanisme --- Etnicitat --- Identitat lingüística --- Identitat nacional --- Cultura catalana --- Catalunya --- Espanya --- Civilització catalana --- Característiques nacionals --- Caràcters ètnics --- Caràcters nacionals --- Comportament nacional --- Comportaments nacionals --- Idiosincràsia nacional --- Psicologia nacional --- Temperaments nacionals --- Antropologia --- Nacionalisme --- Psicologia social --- Etnopsicologia --- Sociolingüística --- Identitat cultural --- Identitat en un grup ètnic --- Identitat ètnica --- Grups ètnics --- Identitat racial --- Drets culturals --- Etnicitat en l'art --- Multiculturalisme --- Pluralisme cultural --- Nacionalisme català --- Autodeterminació nacional --- Espanya (Regne) --- Sefarad --- Estado Español --- Reino de España --- Europa del Sud --- Països de la Unió Europea --- Península Ibèrica --- Andalusia --- Aragó --- Astúries --- Canàries --- Cantàbria --- Castella-la Manxa --- Castella i Lleó --- Ceuta --- Chafarinas (Espanya) --- Ebre (Espanya : Curs d'aigua) --- Extremadura --- Galícia --- Guadiana (Espanya : Curs d'aigua) --- Illes Balears --- Madrid (Comunitat autònoma) --- Melilla --- Múrcia (Comunitat autònoma) --- Navarra --- País Basc --- País Valencià --- Rioja --- Serralada Cantàbrica --- Serralada Ibèrica --- Túria (Espanya : Curs d'aigua) --- Catalonha --- Catalunya (Espanya) --- Diputació del General de Catalunya --- Katalonien --- Generalidad de Cataluña --- Generalitat de Catalunya --- Mancomunidad de Cataluña --- Mancomunitat de Catalunya --- Principat --- Barcelona (Catalunya : Província) --- Creus, Cap de (Catalunya) --- Coll de Pal (Catalunya : Depressió) --- Costa Brava (Catalunya) --- Costa Daurada (Catalunya) --- Depressió Pre-litoral Catalana (Catalunya) --- Fluvià (Catalunya : Curs d'aigua) --- Girona (Catalunya : Província) --- Lleida (Catalunya : Província) --- Montserrat (Catalunya : Massís) --- Muga (Catalunya : Curs d'aigua) --- Noguera Pallaresa (Catalunya : Curs d'aigua) --- Pallars (Catalunya : Regió) --- Parc del Montnegre i el Corredor (Catalunya) --- Parc Fluvial del Besòs (Catalunya) --- Parc Nacional d'Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici (Catalunya) --- Parc Natural del Cap de Creus (Catalunya) --- Parc Natural del Delta de l'Ebre (Catalunya) --- Parc Natural del Montseny (Catalunya) --- Parc Natural dels Aiguamolls de l'Empordà (Catalunya) --- Penedès (Catalunya) --- Puigmal (Catalunya : Muntanya) --- Sistema Mediterrani Català (Catalunya) --- Tarragona (Catalunya : Província) --- Ter (Catalunya : Curs d'aigua) --- Terres de l'Ebre (Catalunya : Regió) --- Urgell (Catalunya : Canal) --- Vallès (Catalunya) --- Corona Catalanoaragonesa --- Rosselló (França) --- Marca Hispànica --- Països Catalans --- Parc Natural de Cap de Creus (Catalunya) --- Minoritized languages

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Documentation and information --- Metaphysics --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Law --- Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics

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This book includes revised selected papers from five International Workshops on Artificial Intelligence Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems, AICOL VI to AICOL X, held during 2015-2017: AICOL VI in Braga, Portugal, in December 2015 as part of JURIX 2015; AICOL VII at EKAW 2016 in Bologna, Italy, in November 2016; AICOL VIII in Sophia Antipolis, France, in December 2016; AICOL IX at ICAIL 2017 in London, UK, in June 2017; and AICOL X as part of JURIX 2017 in Luxembourg, in December 2017. The 37 revised full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected form 69 submissions. They represent a comprehensive picture of the state of the art in legal informatics. The papers are organized in six main sections: legal philosophy, conceptual analysis, and epistemic approaches; rules and norms analysis and representation;legal vocabularies and natural language processing; legal ontologies and semantic annotation; legal argumentation; and courts, adjudication and dispute resolution.

Artificial intelligence. --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Computer science. --- Logic design. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Logics and Meanings of Programs. --- Programming Techniques. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Design, Logic --- Design of logic systems --- Digital electronics --- Electronic circuit design --- Logic circuits --- Machine theory --- Switching theory --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Law --- Methodology --- Automation --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Application software. --- Mathematical logic. --- Computer logic. --- Computer programming. --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Computer science logic --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Programming