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For ninety per cent of our history, humans have lived as 'hunters and gatherers', and for most of this time, as talking individuals. No direct evidence for the origin and evolution of language exists; we do not even know if early humans had language, either spoken or signed. Taking an anthropological perspective, Alan Barnard acknowledges this difficulty and argues that we can nevertheless infer a great deal about our linguistic past from what is around us in the present. Hunter-gatherers still inhabit much of the world, and in sufficient number to enable us to study the ways in which they speak, the many languages they use, and what they use them for. Barnard investigates the lives of hunter-gatherers by understanding them in their own terms, to create a book which will be welcomed by all those interested in the evolution of language.

Linguistics --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Semiotics --- Prehistory --- Language and languages --- Sign language. --- Human evolution. --- Origin --- History. --- Sign language --- Human evolution --- History --- Language and languages - Origin - History --- Historical linguistics. --- Origin.

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The Bushman' is a perennial but changing image. The transformation of that image is important. It symbolizes the perception of Bushman or San society, of the ideas and values of ethnographers who have worked with Bushman peoples, and those of other anthropologists who use this work. Anthropology and the Bushman covers early travellers and settlers, classic nineteenth and twentieth-century ethnographers, North American and Japanese ecological traditions, the approaches of African ethnographers, and recent work on advocacy and social development. It reveals the impact of Bushman studies on anthropology and on the public. The book highlights how Bushman or San ethnography has contributed to anthropological controversy, for example in the debates on the degree of incorporation of San society within the wider political economy, and on the validity of the case for 'indigenous rights' as a special kind of human rights. Examining the changing image of the Bushman, Barnard provides a new contribution to an established anthropology debate.

Anthropology in popular culture --- Ethnology --- San (African people) --- Popular culture --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Basarwa (African people) --- Bushmen --- Bushmen (African people) --- /Xam (African people) --- Khoisan (African people) --- Fieldwork --- Social life and customs. --- Kalahari Desert --- San (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Anthropologie sociale et culturelle --- Anthropologie dans la culture populaire --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Recherche sur le terrain --- Kalahari, Désert du --- San (African people) - Kalahari Desert - Social life and customs --- Ethnology - Fieldwork - Kalahari Desert --- Anthropology in popular culture - Kalahari Desert --- Kalahari Desert - Social life and customs

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The Khoisan are a cluster of southern African peoples, including the famous Bushmen or San 'hunters', the Khoekhoe 'herders' (in the past called 'Hottentots'), and the Damara, also a herding people. Most Khoisan live in the Kalahari desert and surrounding areas of Botswana and Namibia. In spite of differences in their way of life, the various groups have much in common, and this book explores these similarities and the influence of environment and history on aspects of Khoisan culture. This is the first book on the Khoisan as a whole since the publication in 1930 of The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa, by Isaac Schapera, doyen of southern African studies.

Bushmen (African tribe) --- Khoikhoi (African people) --- Khoikhoi (Afrikaans volk) --- Khoikhoi (Peuple africain) --- San (African people) --- San (Afrikaans volk) --- San (Peuple africain) --- Khoikhoi (peuple d'Afrique) --- San (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Khoisan (African people) --- Khoisan (African people). --- Khoi-San (African people) --- Ethnology --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology --- Basarwa (African people) --- Bushmen --- Bushmen (African people) --- /Xam (African people) --- Hottentot (African people) --- Hottentots --- Khoe (Khoikhoi people) --- Khoi (African people) --- Khoikhoin (African people)

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The hunter-gatherers of southern Africa known as 'Bushmen' or 'San' are not one single ethnic group, but several. They speak a diverse variety of languages, and have many different settlement patterns, kinship systems and economic practices. The fact that we think of them as a unity is not as strange as it may seem, for they share a common origin: they are an original hunter-gatherer population of southern Africa with a history of many thousands of years on the subcontinent. Drawing on his four decades of field research in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, Alan Barnard provides a detailed account of Bushmen or San, covering ethnography, archaeology, folklore, religious studies and rock-art studies as well as several other fields. Its wide coverage includes social development and politics, both historically and in the present day, helping us to reconstruct both human prehistory and a better understanding of ourselves.

Ethnologie. --- Ethnology --- Ethnology. --- Religionsausübung. --- San (African people). --- San --- Sozialanthropologie. --- Sozioökonomischer Wandel. --- Verwandtschaft. --- Vor- und Frühgeschichte. --- Wildbeuter. --- Kalahari. --- Southern Africa. --- Südafrika

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The hunter-gatherers of southern Africa known as 'Bushmen' or 'San' are not one single ethnic group, but several. They speak a diverse variety of languages, and have many different settlement patterns, kinship systems and economic practices. The fact that we think of them as a unity is not as strange as it may seem, for they share a common origin: they are an original hunter-gatherer population of southern Africa with a history of many thousands of years on the subcontinent. Drawing on his four decades of field research in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, Alan Barnard provides a detailed account of Bushmen or San, covering ethnography, archaeology, folklore, religious studies and rock-art studies as well as several other fields. Its wide coverage includes social development and politics, both historically and in the present day, helping us to reconstruct both human prehistory and a better understanding of ourselves.

San (African people) --- Ethnology --- Basarwa (African people) --- Bushmen --- Bushmen (African people) --- /Xam (African people) --- Khoisan (African people)