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Once upon a time, gluten was not part of the human diet, and therefore, there were no gluten-related disorders. With the advent of agriculture 10,000 years ago, the introduction of gluten-containing grains in the human diet created conditions for human diseases related to gluten exposure. These diseases, including celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy, have distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, serological markers, and long-term treatments, but similar, often overlapping clinical presentations. Though current research strives to clarify the boundaries between these entities, their differences can be difficult to distinguish. For a very long time, awareness of these disorders has been limited and, therefore, the epidemiology of gluten-related disorders has been a “work in progress”. New epidemiological studies have revealed that gluten-related disorders are not limited to European regions; rather, they are present worldwide. After centuries of neglected attention to celiac disease and other forms of gluten reaction, now we are observing another interesting phenomenon that is generating great confusion among health care professionals. Nearly 25% of Americans (many more than the projected 3 million celiac disease (CD) patients in the U.S.) are reducing or cutting gluten from their diets. This remarkable trend in the general population reflects the misconception that gluten can be harmful for everybody and, therefore, should be avoided to stay healthy, to lose weight, or even to prevent severe diseases. This Special Issue Book of Nutrients contains contributions from leading experts in the field of gluten-related disorders that will help dissipate this confusion by sharing their evidence-based science, which will help the reader to distinguish facts from fantasies.

Non Celiac Gluten Sensitivity --- Food Sensitivities --- Celiac Disease --- Gluten Related Disorders --- Gluten-Free Diet

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Fully Revised and Updated. An indispensable guide on how to safely alter your diet, manage your symptoms, and adjust to living gluten-free. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an inability to digest gluten, a protein found in wheat and other grains that affects as many as 1 in 133 Americans. Written by a nurse, dietician, and clinical pharmacist, Celiac Disease, Second Edition provides everything you need to know to live a healthy wheat-free and gluten-free lifestyle including how to: recognize and treat the most common symptoms; eat gluten-free and avoid hidden glutens,

Gluten-free diet --- Celiac disease --- Coeliac disease --- Diarrhea --- Digestive organs --- Malabsorption syndromes --- Diet therapy --- Diseases

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Gluten-free foods. --- Gluten-free diet. --- Baking. --- Baked products. --- Baked goods --- Bakery products --- Morning goods --- Food --- Cooking --- Celiac disease --- Diet therapy --- Dietetic foods

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Among gluten-related disorders, coeliac disease (CD) is the best-known one to date, a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. It is a common disease, occurring at all ages and characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, affecting any organ or tissue. The diagnosis rate of this pathology has increased in the last 10 years, so worldwide epidemiologic data are now available that show that CD is ubiquitous, with a prevalence of 1.4%, higher in female than male individuals. Currently, the only effective treatment for CD is strict and lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, CD research is changing rapidly due to the continuous advancing of knowledge. For this reason, the main goal of this Special Issue has been to address the existing knowledge gaps and help advance such important aspects as the pathophysiology, diagnosis, follow-up, and therapeutic options of this pathology. This Special Issue includes 12 peer-reviewed articles reporting on the latest research findings in and evidence related to CD. The published articles cover a range of topics central to CD and GFDs.

Medicine --- celiac disease --- relatives --- microbiota --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- Pseudomonas fluorescens --- Bacteroides caccae --- coeliac disease --- oral diseases --- oral prevention --- gingival bleeding --- sleep-related breathing disorders --- oral health --- enamel defects --- interceptive orthodontics --- data mining gluten free diet --- gluten proteins --- immunogenicity --- evidence-based practice --- case management --- treatment adherence and compliance --- anemia --- iron transporter --- IgA nephropathy --- tissue transglutaminase autoantibody --- tissue transglutaminase-targeted IgA deposits --- flow cytometry --- age --- sex --- lesion grade --- intraepithelial lymphocytes TCRγδ+ --- functional bowel disease --- gluten-free diet --- tissue biomarkers --- non-coeliac gluten sensitivity --- FODMAP diet --- dietitian --- rural health services --- gluten --- gliadin --- gluten immunogenic peptides --- non-dietary therapies --- gluten cross-contaminations --- dietary adherence --- vital gluten --- oat --- hidden gluten --- patients with CD --- symptoms --- gluten excretion urine --- gluten-free diet monitoring --- n/a

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The only effective and safe treatment of celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong, strict exclusion of gluten, the so-called gluten-free diet (GFD). As a consequence, strict adherence to the GFD is highly successful and useful to achieve optimal control of symptoms in celiac patients, although, sometimes, nutritional problems can persist despite a strict exclusion of gluten. However, following a strict GFD is not easy and an updated quality assessment of available products is needed for further improvement in gluten-free product development. Similar to CD, GFD is the common dietary approach in non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS). NCGWS is another common gluten-related disorder without the diagnostic features of CD. Increasing interest in the association and interaction between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, and gluten-related disorders can expand our knowledge and understanding of the management of these disorders. In this respect, GFD is considered a therapeutic option in IBS and functional digestive disorders. New insights into the GFD are an exciting scientific challenge for researchers.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- irritable bowel syndrome --- celiac disease --- nonceliac gluten/wheat sensitivity --- gluten-free diet --- AIDAI score --- amylase trypsin inhibitor --- non-celiac wheat sensitivity --- CD14 lymphocytes --- interleukin-1beta --- tumor necrosis factor-α --- non coeliac wheat sensitivity --- gluten --- FODMAPs --- functional dyspepsia --- Celiac disease --- iron deficiency without anemia --- dietary iron --- iron supplementation --- women --- refractory celiac disease --- remission --- nickel allergy --- allergic contact mucositis --- irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) --- low-nickel diet --- gluten-free products --- gluten containing products --- food composition database --- dietary reference intake --- prison diets --- irritable bowel disease --- FODMAP --- low FODMAP diet --- gluten free diet --- non-celiac gluten wheat sensitivity --- n/a