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This volume contains an archival record of the NATO Advanced Institute on Mini - Micro Fuel Cells - Fundamental and Applications held in Çesme - Izmir, Turkey, July 22-August 3, 2007. The ASIs are intended to be a high-level teaching activity in scientific and technical areas of current concern. In this volume, the reader may find interesting chapters on Mini- Micro Fuel Cells with fundamentals and applications. In recent years, fu- cell development, modeling and performance analysis has received much attention due to their potential for distributed power which is a critical issue for energy security and the environmental protection. Small fuel cells for portable applications are important for the security. The portable devices (many electronic and wireless) operated by fuel cells for providing all-day power, are very valuable for the security, for defense and in the war against terrorism. Many companies in NATO and non-NATO countries have concentrated to promote the fuel cell industry. Many universities with industrial partners committed to the idea of working together to develop fuel cells. As tech- logy advanced in the 1980s and beyond, many government organizations joined in spending money on fuel-cell research. In recent years, interest in using fuel cells to power portable electronic devices and other small equipment (cell phones, mobile phones, lab-tops, they are used as micro power source in biological applications) has increased partly due to the promise of fuel cells having higher energy density.

Thermodynamics --- Electrochemistry --- Applied physical engineering --- brandstofcellen --- thermodynamica --- fysicochemie --- elektrochemie

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Thermodynamics --- Electrochemistry --- Applied physical engineering --- brandstofcellen --- thermodynamica --- fysicochemie --- elektrochemie

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Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines equipped with port fuel injection offer a cheap alternative to fuel cells and can be run in bi-fuel operation side-stepping the chicken and egg problem of availability of hydrogen fueling station versus hydrogen vehicle. Hydrogen engines with external mixture formation have a significantly lower power output than gasoline engines. The main causes are the lower volumetric energy density of the externally formed hydrogen-air mixture and the occurrence of abnormal combustion phenomena (mainly backfire). Two engine test benches were used to investigate different means of compensating for this power loss, while keeping oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emissions limited. A single-cylinder research engine was used to study the effects of supercharging, combined with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Supercharging the engine results in an increase in power output. The combination with EGR permits stoichiometric operation and thus low NO_x emissions because of the resulting high aftertreatment efficiency. Furthermore, the power output can be varied through the supercharging pressure and the EGR percentage, enabling throttle-less operation and thus higher engine efficiencies. A four-cylinder production gasoline engine was converted to bi-fuel operation and was used to study the effects of continuously variable intake valve timing on power output, efficiency, emissions and the occurrence of backfire when operated on hydrogen. The engine efficiency on hydrogen is compared to gasoline operation.


Motorcars engineering --- brandstofcellen --- H (waterstof) --- auto's --- verbrandingsmotoren

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Relation between energy and economics --- brandstofcellen --- biomassa --- windenergie --- hernieuwbare energie

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Waar gaat de elektrische auto heen? Voor sommigen is de emissieloze auto een antwoord op de almaar stijgende olieprijs of op de mondiale milieuproblematiek. Voor de ander is het luchtfietserij. Wat weinigen beseffen is dat de elektrische auto niet iets is van de toekomst. Een stille revolutie vindt plaats binnen de auto-industrie waar steeds meer elektrische modellen van de band rollen. 

Maar wat weten we eigenlijk van de elektrische auto? Hoe werkt het en wat vraagt het? En rijden we straks op elektriciteit uit accu's of leveren brandstofcellen de benodigde stroom? Net als de benzineauto zal ook de elektrische auto zijn stempel drukken op de indeling van ons land en de wijze waarop wij kijken naar mobiliteit. 

Van laadstations tot actieradius, van accuruil tot brandstofcel, dit boek behandelt alle facetten van het ontstaan, de ontwikkeling en de toekomst van de elektrische auto in Nederland en daarbuiten.


Motorcars engineering --- brandstofcellen --- elektrische auto's --- auto's