ID - 94511351 TI - Public examinations in England, 1850-1900 PY - 1971 SN - 0521079314 0521080126 0511896301 9780511896309 PB - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, DB - UniCat KW - History of education and educational sciences KW - anno 1800-1899 KW - Great Britain KW - Examinations KW - History. KW - Arts and Humanities KW - History KW - England KW - Competitive examinations KW - Tests KW - Questions and answers KW - Educational tests and measurements KW - Angleterre KW - Anglii︠a︡ KW - Inghilterra KW - Engeland KW - Inglaterra KW - Anglija KW - England and Wales UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:94511351 AB - A detailed historical account of the origins of the modern examination system in England from 1850 to 1900. At the beginning of the nineteenth century public examinations were almost unknown, yet by its end they were established as the most generally acceptable method of assessment and selection; with many they had become almost an article of the Victorian faith, though their objectivity and efficacy were already becoming matters of public controversy. The Oxford and Cambridge honours examinations provided a major source for Victorian ideas of open competition and public examinations. It was seen that this model could be applied to a whole range of educational and administrative purposes. The crucial developments came between 1850 and 1870: major landmarks were the Northcote-Trevelyan Report of 1853 on the Civil Service, the foundation of the Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations of 1857 and 1858, and Gladstone's introduction in 1870 of open competition into the Home Civil Service. ER -