TY - BOOK ID - 86345230 TI - Imaginary lines : border enforcement and the origins of undocumented immigration, 1882-1930 PY - 2009 SN - 0292795165 0292721188 PB - Austin : University of Texas Press, DB - UniCat KW - Immigration enforcement KW - Undocumented immigrants KW - History KW - Government policy KW - United States KW - Mexico KW - Mexican-American Border Region KW - Emigration and immigration KW - Government policy. KW - Immigration law enforcement KW - Immigration raids KW - Law enforcement KW - American-Mexican Border Region KW - Border Region, American-Mexican KW - Border Region, Mexican-American KW - Borderlands (Mexico and U.S.) KW - Mexico-United States Border Region KW - Tierras Fronterizas de México-Estados Unidos KW - United States-Mexico Border Region KW - Anáhuac KW - Estados Unidos Mexicanos KW - Maxico KW - Méjico KW - Mekishiko KW - Meḳsiḳe KW - Meksiko KW - Meksyk KW - Messico KW - Mexique (Country) KW - República Mexicana KW - Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku KW - United Mexican States KW - United States of Mexico KW - מקסיקו KW - メキシコ KW - Aliens KW - Enemy aliens KW - Expatriates KW - Foreign population KW - Foreign residents KW - Foreigners KW - Illegal aliens KW - Illegal immigrants KW - Non-citizens KW - Noncitizens KW - Resident aliens KW - Unauthorized immigrants KW - Undocumented aliens KW - Unnaturalized foreign residents KW - Persons KW - Legal status, laws, etc. KW - Illegal immigration. KW - Children of illegal aliens KW - Illegal alien children KW - Irregular migration KW - Unauthorized immigration KW - Undocumented immigration KW - Women illegal aliens KW - Human smuggling KW - Noncitizen detention centers UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:86345230 AB - "Although popularly conceived as a relatively recent phenomenon, patterns of immigrant smuggling and undocumented entry across American land borders first emerged in the late nineteenth century. Ingenious smugglers and immigrants, long and remote boundary lines, and strong push-and-pull factors created porous borders then, much as they do now.Historian Patrick Ettinger offers the first comprehensive historical study of evolving border enforcement efforts on American land borders at the turn of the twentieth century. He traces the origins of widespread immigrant smuggling and illicit entry on the northern and southern United States borders at a time when English, Irish, Chinese, Italian, Russian, Lebanese, Japanese, Greek, and, later, Mexican migrants created various 'backdoors' into the United States. No other work looks so closely at the sweeping, if often ineffectual, innovations in federal border enforcement practices designed to stem these flows.From upstate Maine to Puget Sound, from San Diego to the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, federal officials struggled to adapt national immigration policies to challenging local conditions, all the while battling wits with resourceful smugglers and determined immigrants. In effect, the period saw the simultaneous 'drawing' and 'erasing' of the official border, and its gradual articulation and elaboration in the midst of consistently successful efforts to undermine it."- from Amazon.com ER -