TY - BOOK ID - 85644924 TI - The men and women we want : gender, race, and the progressive era literacy test debate PY - 2010 SN - 21526400 SN - 158046811X 1283116421 9786613116420 1580467644 1580463487 1580464416 PB - Rochester, NY : University of Rochester Press, DB - UniCat KW - Literacy KW - Immigrants KW - Progressivism (United States politics) KW - Emigrants KW - Foreign-born population KW - Foreign population KW - Foreigners KW - Migrants KW - Persons KW - Aliens KW - Illiteracy KW - Education KW - General education KW - Social aspects KW - History KW - Ability testing KW - United States KW - Emigration and immigration KW - Social aspects. KW - Immigration KW - International migration KW - Migration, International KW - Population geography KW - Assimilation (Sociology) KW - Colonization KW - ABŞ KW - ABSh KW - Ameerika Ühendriigid KW - America (Republic) KW - Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary KW - Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları KW - Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları KW - Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw KW - Amerika Qūrama Shtattary KW - Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari KW - Amerika Qushma Shtattary KW - Amerika (Republic) KW - Amerikai Egyesült Államok KW - Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė KW - Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem KW - Amerikas Forenede Stater KW - Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner KW - Ameriketako Estatu Batuak KW - Amirika Carékat KW - AQSh KW - Ar. ha-B. KW - Arhab KW - Artsot ha-Berit KW - Artzois Ha'bris KW - Bí-kok KW - Ē.P.A. KW - EE.UU. KW - Egyesült Államok KW - ĒPA KW - Estados Unidos KW - Estados Unidos da América do Norte KW - Estados Unidos de América KW - Estaos Xuníos KW - Estaos Xuníos d'América KW - Estatos Unitos KW - Estatos Unitos d'America KW - Estats Units d'Amèrica KW - Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica KW - États-Unis d'Amérique KW - Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn KW - Feriene Steaten KW - Feriene Steaten fan Amearika KW - Forente stater KW - FS KW - Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs KW - Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs KW - Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ KW - Istadus Unidus KW - Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės KW - Mei guo KW - Mei-kuo KW - Meiguo KW - Mî-koet KW - Miatsʻyal Nahangner KW - Miguk KW - Na Stàitean Aonaichte KW - NSA KW - S.U.A. KW - SAD KW - Saharat ʻAmērikā KW - SASht KW - Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty KW - Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty KW - Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty KW - Sjedinjene Američke Države KW - Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki KW - Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki KW - Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki KW - Spojené obce severoamerické KW - Spojené staty americké KW - SShA KW - Stadoù-Unanet Amerika KW - Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá KW - Stany Zjednoczone KW - Stati Uniti KW - Stati Uniti d'America KW - Stâts Unîts KW - Stâts Unîts di Americhe KW - Steatyn Unnaneysit KW - Steatyn Unnaneysit America KW - SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) KW - Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati KW - Sŭedinenite shtati KW - Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua KW - U.S. KW - U.S.A. KW - United States of America KW - Unol Daleithiau KW - Unol Daleithiau America KW - Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko KW - US KW - USA KW - Usono KW - Vaeinigte Staatn KW - Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika KW - Vereinigte Staaten KW - Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika KW - Verenigde State van Amerika KW - Verenigde Staten KW - VS KW - VSA KW - Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí KW - Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah KW - Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah KW - Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah KW - Yhdysvallat KW - Yunaeted Stet KW - Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika KW - ZDA KW - Združene države Amerike KW - Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky KW - Zjadnośone staty Ameriki KW - Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki KW - Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy KW - ZSA KW - Η.Π.Α. KW - Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής KW - Америка (Republic) KW - Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ KW - Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем KW - САЩ KW - Съединените щати KW - Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі KW - ولايات المتحدة KW - ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة KW - ولايات المتحدة الامريكية KW - 미국 KW - American National Identity. KW - Gender. KW - Immigration. KW - Literacy Test. KW - Progressive Era. KW - Race. UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:85644924 AB - Should immigrants have to pass a literacy test in order to enter the United States? Progressive-Era Americans debated this question for more than twenty years, and by the time the literacy test became law in 1917, the debate had transformed the way Americans understood immigration, and created the logic that shaped immigration restriction policies throughout the twentieth century. Jeanne Petit argues that the literacy test debate was about much more than reading ability or the virtues of education. It also tapped into broader concerns about the relationship between gender, sexuality, race, and American national identity. The congressmen, reformers, journalists, and pundits who supported the literacy test hoped to stem the tide of southern and eastern European immigration. To make their case, these restrictionists portrayed illiterate immigrant men as dissipated, dependent paupers, immigrant women as brood mares who bore too many children, and both as a eugenic threat to the nation's racial stock. Opponents of the literacy test argued that the new immigrants were muscular, virile workers and nurturing, virtuous mothers who would strengthen the race and nation. Moreover, the debaters did not simply battle about what social reformer Grace Abbott called 'the sort of men and women we want.' They also defined as normative the men and women they were - unquestionably white, unquestionably American, and unquestionably fit to shape the nation's future. Jeanne D. Petit is associate professor of history at Hope College. ER -