TY - BOOK ID - 84783285 TI - The Fiscal Consequences of Shrinking Populations AU - Clements, Benedict. AU - Dybczak, Kamil. AU - Gaspar, Vitor. AU - Gupta, Sanjeev. AU - Soto, Mauricio. PY - 2015 SN - 151357731X 1513570994 1513556029 PB - Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, DB - UniCat KW - Public Finance KW - Demography KW - Emigration and Immigration KW - International Migration KW - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General KW - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt KW - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts KW - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General KW - National Government Expenditures and Health KW - Economics of the Elderly KW - Economics of the Handicapped KW - Non-labor Market Discrimination KW - Demographic Economics: General KW - Social Security and Public Pensions KW - Population & demography KW - Public finance & taxation KW - Migration, immigration & emigration KW - Pensions KW - Health care spending KW - Aging KW - Migration KW - Population and demographics KW - Pension spending KW - Expenditure KW - Expenditures, Public KW - Population aging KW - Emigration and immigration KW - Population KW - United States UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:84783285 AB - This Staff Discussion Note looks at the stark fiscal challenges posed by the decline and aging of populations between now and 2100. It finds that without reforms, pensions and health spending would rise to 25 percent of GDP by end-century in more developed countries (and 16 percent of GDP in less developed countries), with potentially dire fiscal consequences. Given the uncertainty underlying the population projections and associated large fiscal risks, a multi-pronged approach will be required. This could include entitlement reform—starting now but at a gradual pace; policies that affect demographics and labor markets; and better tax systems and more efficient public expenditure. ER -