TY - BOOK ID - 84541705 TI - Government Subsidies : Concepts, International Trends, and Reform Options AU - Schwartz, Gerd. AU - Clements, Benedict. AU - Hugounenq, Réjane. PY - 1995 SN - 1462353991 1455243450 1281601497 9786613782182 1455287741 PB - Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, DB - UniCat KW - Budgeting KW - Macroeconomics KW - Public Finance KW - Statistics KW - Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence KW - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General KW - General Aggregative Models: General KW - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology KW - Computer Programs: Other KW - National Budget KW - Budget Systems KW - Public finance & taxation KW - Econometrics & economic statistics KW - Budgeting & financial management KW - Government subsidies KW - National accounts KW - Government finance statistics KW - Expenditure KW - Budget planning and preparation KW - Economic and financial statistics KW - Public financial management (PFM) KW - Subsidies KW - National income KW - Finance KW - Expenditures, Public KW - Budget KW - United States UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:84541705 AB - This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs. ER -