TY - BOOK ID - 84541234 TI - The Underground Economy : Estimation, and Economic and Policy Implications: The Case of Pakistan PY - 1995 SN - 1462335810 1455239429 1281602876 1455269581 9786613783561 PB - Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, DB - UniCat KW - Budgeting KW - Investments: General KW - Macroeconomics KW - Money and Monetary Policy KW - Public Finance KW - General Economics: General KW - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data) KW - Fiscal Policy KW - Investment KW - Capital KW - Intangible Capital KW - Capacity KW - National Budget KW - Budget Systems KW - Monetary Systems KW - Standards KW - Regimes KW - Government and the Monetary System KW - Payment Systems KW - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution KW - Debt KW - Debt Management KW - Sovereign Debt KW - Budgeting & financial management KW - Monetary economics KW - Public finance & taxation KW - Private investment KW - Budget planning and preparation KW - Currencies KW - Income KW - Government debt management KW - National accounts KW - Public financial management (PFM) KW - Money KW - Saving and investment KW - Budget KW - Debts, Public KW - Pakistan UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:84541234 AB - This paper estimates the size of the underground economy in Pakistan and analyzes its impact on Government fiscal position and the allocation of economic resources in the national economy. The results suggest that there is a mutual dependency between the size of the underground economy and fiscal deficits, and show a leakage from the national income-expenditure cycle in the formal economy to the underground economy via private investments. Finally, the paper proposes long- and short-run policies to reduce the size of the underground economy. ER -