TY - BOOK ID - 78677628 TI - Looting or missioning PY - 2019 SN - 1789253195 1789253217 9781789253191 9781789253214 1789253187 9781789253184 PB - Oxford DB - UniCat KW - Religious articles KW - Missions KW - Christian missions KW - Christianity KW - Missions, Foreign KW - Religion KW - Theology, Practical KW - Proselytizing KW - Articles, Religious KW - Objects, Religious KW - Religious art objects KW - Religious goods KW - Religious objects KW - Sacred objects KW - Vikings KW - Conversion KW - Northmen KW - Religious conversion KW - Psychology, Religious KW - Religion. KW - History. UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:78677628 AB - Until now insular and continental material, mostly metal-work, found in pagan Viking Age graves in Norway, has been interpreted as looted material from churches and monasteries on the British Isles and the Continent. The raiding Vikings brought these objects back to their homeland where they were often broken up and used as jewellery or got alternative functions.0'Looting or Missioning' looks at the use and functions of these sacred objects in their original Christian contexts. Based on such an analysis the author proposes an alternative interpretation of these objects: they were brought by Christian missionaries from different parts of the British Isles and the Continent to Norway. The objects were either personal (crosses, croziers, portable reliquaries etc.), objects used for baptism (hanging bowls), equipment to officiate a mass (mountings from books or reading equipment, altars or crosses) or to give the communion (pitchers, glass vessels, chalices, paten). We know from contemporary sources (Ansgar in Birka, Sweden in the ninth century) that missionaries brought this sort of equipment on their mission journeys. We also hear that missionaries were robbed, killed or chased off. Mikkelson interprets the sacred objects found in Viking Age pagan graves as objects that originate from the many unsuccessful mission attempts in Norway throughout the Viking Age. ER -