TY - BOOK ID - 65436272 TI - The Martyrdom of the Franciscans : Islam, the Papacy, and an Order in Conflict PY - 2020 SN - 9780812251937 0812251938 081229677X 9780812296778 PB - Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, DB - UniCat KW - Martyrdom KW - Christianity and other religions KW - Christian martyrs KW - Church history KW - Christianity&delete& KW - History KW - Islam KW - Franciscans KW - Alcantarines KW - Bernardyni KW - Cordeliers KW - Discalced Friars Minor KW - Família Franciscana KW - Frades Menores KW - Frailes Menores KW - Franciscains KW - Franciscains mineurs KW - Franciscan Discalceati KW - Franciscan Order KW - Franciscan Reformati KW - Franciszkanie KW - Frant︠s︡iskanskiĭ orden KW - Frant︠s︡iskant︠s︡y KW - Frati minori KW - Fratres minores KW - Frères mineurs KW - Friars, Gray KW - Friars Minor KW - Gråbrøderne KW - Gray Friars KW - Grey Friars KW - Mala braća KW - Minderbrüder KW - Minoriten KW - Minorites KW - O.F.M. KW - Observants KW - OFM KW - Ojcowie Franciszkanie KW - Ordem dos Frades Menores KW - Ordem dos Franciscanos KW - Ordem Franciscana KW - Orden de Frailes Menores KW - Orden de los Frailes Menores KW - Orden Franciscana KW - Orden sv. Frant︠s︡iska KW - Order of Friars Minor KW - Ordine dei Frati Minori KW - Ordine dei minori KW - Ordre des frères franciscains mineurs KW - Ordo Fratrum Minorum KW - Reformati KW - Reformed Franciscans KW - Seraphic Order KW - Capuchins KW - Conventuals KW - Franciscan Recollects KW - Christianity KW - Martyrs KW - Death KW - Suffering KW - Middle Ages, 600-1500 KW - Religious aspects KW - 271.3 KW - 271.3 Franciskanen. Minderbroeders KW - Franciskanen. Minderbroeders KW - Christian martyrs. KW - Christianity. KW - HISTORY / Medieval. KW - Interfaith relations. KW - Islam. KW - Middle Ages. KW - History. KW - Franciscans. KW - To 1500. KW - Islamic countries. KW - Martyrium. KW - Franziskaner. KW - Medieval and Renaissance Studies. KW - Religion. KW - Religious Studies. KW - Martyrdom - Christianity - History. KW - Christianity and other religions - Islam. KW - Christian martyrs - Islamic countries. KW - Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500. KW - Martyres UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:65436272 AB - A study of three hundred years of medieval Franciscan history that focuses on martyrdomWhile hagiographies tell of Christian martyrs who have died in an astonishing number of ways and places, slain by members of many different groups, martyrdom in a Franciscan context generally meant death at Muslim hands; indeed, in Franciscan discourse, "death by Saracen" came to rival or even surpass other definitions of what made a martyr. The centrality of Islam to Franciscan conceptions of martyrdom becomes even more apparent—and problematic—when we realize that many of the martyr narratives were largely invented. Franciscan authors were free to choose the antagonist they wanted, Christopher MacEvitt observes, and they almost always chose Muslims. However, martyrdom in Franciscan accounts rarely leads to conversion of the infidel, nor is it accompanied, as is so often the case in earlier hagiographical accounts, by any miraculous manifestation.If the importance of preaching to infidels was written into the official Franciscan Rule of Order, the Order did not demonstrate much interest in conversion, and the primary efforts of friars in Muslim lands were devoted to preaching not to the native populations but to the Latin Christians—mercenaries, merchants, and captives—living there. Franciscan attitudes toward conversion and martyrdom changed dramatically in the beginning of the fourteenth century, however, when accounts of the martyrdom of four Franciscans said to have died while preaching in India were written. The speed with which the accounts of their martyrdom spread had less to do with the world beyond Christendom than with ecclesiastical affairs within, MacEvitt contends. The Martyrdom of the Franciscans shows how, for Franciscans, martyrdom accounts could at once offer veiled critique of papal policies toward the Order, a substitute for the rigorous pursuit of poverty, and a symbolic way to overcome Islam by denying Muslims the solace of conversion. ER -