TY - BOOK ID - 3440767 TI - "To teach" in ancient Israel : a cognitive linguistic study of a biblical Hebrew lexical set PY - 2014 VL - 456 SN - 9783110335491 9783110335781 3110335786 3110335492 9783110335798 3110335794 9781306462600 1306462606 3110372924 PB - Berlin, [Germany] : De Gruyter, DB - UniCat KW - Jews KW - Education KW - Teaching KW - History KW - Philosophy KW - 221.015 KW - Didactics KW - Instruction KW - Pedagogy KW - School teaching KW - Schoolteaching KW - Instructional systems KW - Pedagogical content knowledge KW - Training KW - Children KW - Education, Primitive KW - Education of children KW - Human resource development KW - Schooling KW - Students KW - Youth KW - Civilization KW - Learning and scholarship KW - Mental discipline KW - Schools KW - Hebrews KW - Israelites KW - Jewish people KW - Jewry KW - Judaic people KW - Judaists KW - Ethnology KW - Religious adherents KW - Semites KW - Judaism KW - Oud Testament: literaire kritiek; authenticiteit; bronnenstudie; Formgeschiche; Traditionsgeschichte; Redaktionsgeschichte KW - 221.015 Oud Testament: literaire kritiek; authenticiteit; bronnenstudie; Formgeschiche; Traditionsgeschichte; Redaktionsgeschichte KW - Jews - Education - History - To 70 AD KW - Education - Philosophy - History - To 70 AD KW - Teaching - Philosophy - History - To 70 AD KW - Biblical Hebrew. KW - Cognitive linguistics. KW - semantic analysis. KW - teaching. UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:3440767 AB - This book employs cognitive linguistics to determine the foundational elements of the ancient Israelites' concept of teaching as reflected in the text of the Hebrew Bible and Ben Sira. It analyzes four prominent lexemes that comprise a lexical set referring to the act of teaching: ירה-H, למד-D, ידע-H, and יסר-D. The study concludes that, in its most basic form, the concept of teaching in ancient Israel was that a teacher creates the conditions in which learning can occur. The methodology employed in this project is built on a premise of cognitive studies, namely, that because teaching is a universal human activity, there is a universal concept of teaching: one person A recognizes that another person B lacks knowledge, belief, skills, and the like (or has incomplete or distorted knowledge, etc.), and person A attempts to bring about a changed state of knowledge, belief, or skill in person B. This universal concept provides the starting place for understanding the concept of teaching that Biblical Hebrew reflects, and it also forms the conceptual base against which the individual lexemes are profiled. The study incorporates a micro-level analysis and a macro-level analysis. At the micro-level, each lexeme is examined with respect to its linguistic forms (the linguistic analysis) and the contexts in which the lexeme occurs (the conceptual analysis). The linguistic analysis considers the clausal constructions of each instantiation and determines what transitivity, ditransitivity, or intransitivity contributes to the meaning. Collocations of the lexeme, including prepositional phrases, adverbial adjuncts, and parallel verbs, are evaluated for their contribution to meaning. The conceptual analysis of each lexeme identifies the meaning potential of each word, as well as what aspect of the meaning potential each instantiation activates. The study then determines the lexeme's prototypical meaning, which is profiled on the base of the universal concept of teaching. This step of profiling represents an important adaptation of the cognitive linguistics tool of profiling to meet the special requirements of working with ancient texts in that it profiles prototype meanings, not instantiations. In the macro-analysis, the data of all four lexemes in the lexical set are synthesized. The relationships among the lexemes are assessed in order to identify the basic level lexeme and consider whether the lexemes form a folk taxonomy. Finally, the profiles of the four prototype meanings are collated and compared in order to describe the ancient Israelite concept of teaching. The study finds that the basic level item of the lexical set is למד-D based on frequency of use and distribution. In its prototypical definition, למד-D means to intentionally put another person in a state in which s/he can acquire a skill or expertise through experience and practice. In contrast to this sustained kind of teaching, the prototypical meaning of ירה-H is situational in nature: a person of authority or expertise gives specific, situational instruction to someone who lacks knowledge about what to do. The lexemes יסר-D and ידע-H represent the most restricted and the most expansive lexemes, respectively: the prototypical meaning of יסר-D is to attempt to bring about changed behavior in another person through verbal or physical means, often to the point of causing pain; the prototypical meaning of ידע-H is that a person of authority causes another person to be in a state of knowing something from the divine realm or related to experiences with the divine realm. The study determines that while the four lexemes of the Biblical Hebrew lexical set "to teach" have significant semantic overlap, they cannot be construed in a folk taxonomy because the words are not related in a hierarchical way. ER -