TY - BOOK ID - 262544 TI - Why we cooperate: based on the 2008 Tanner Lectures on Human Values at Stanford PY - 2009 SN - 9780262013598 0262013592 PB - Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press DB - UniCat KW - Helping behavior. KW - Altruism KW - Cooperativeness KW - Social norms KW - Altruism. KW - Cooperativeness. KW - Social norms. KW - Social psychology KW - Helping behavior KW - Comportement d'aide KW - Altruisme KW - Coopération (Psychologie) KW - Normes sociales KW - Sociale psychologie KW - Folkways KW - Norms, Social KW - Rules, Social KW - Social rules KW - Manners and customs KW - Social control KW - Behavior, Helping KW - Human behavior KW - Interpersonal relations KW - Caring KW - Cooperation (Psychology) KW - Altruistic behavior KW - Unselfishness KW - Conduct of life UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:262544 AB - Drop something in front of a two-year-old, and she's likely to pick it up for you. This is not a learned behavior, psychologist Michael Tomasello argues. Through observations of young children in experiments he himself has designed, Tomasello shows that children are naturally--and uniquely--cooperative. Put through similar experiments, for example, apes demonstrate the ability to work together and share, but choose not to. As children grow, their almost reflexive desire to help--without expectation of reward--becomes shaped by culture. They become more aware of being a member of a group. Groups convey mutual expectations, and thus may either encourage or discourage altruism and collaboration. Either way, cooperation emerges as a distinctly human combination of innate and learned behavior.In Why We Cooperate, Tomasello's studies of young children and great apes help identify the underlying psychological processes that very likely supported humans' earliest forms of complex collaboration and, ultimately, our unique forms of cultural organization, from the evolution of tolerance and trust to the creation of such group-level structures as cultural norms and institutions.Scholars Carol Dweck, Joan Silk, Brian Skyrms, and Elizabeth Spelke respond to Tomasello's findings and explore the implications ER -