TY - BOOK ID - 218438 TI - Groundwater Geochemistry : A Practical Guide to Modeling of Natural and Contaminated Aquatic Systems AU - Merkel, Broder J. AU - Planer-Friedrich, Britta. AU - Nordstrom, Darrell K. PY - 2008 SN - 3540746684 3540746676 9783540746676 9783540746683 PB - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer, DB - UniCat KW - Water chemistry KW - Mathematical models. KW - Aquatic chemistry KW - Chemical hydrology KW - Hydrochemistry KW - Hydrogeochemistry KW - Natural water chemistry KW - Geochemistry KW - Hydrology KW - Hydraulic engineering. KW - Analytical biochemistry. KW - Geography. KW - Environmental toxicology. KW - Hydrogeology. KW - Hydrology/Water Resources. KW - Analytical Chemistry. KW - Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. KW - Earth Sciences, general. KW - Ecotoxicology. KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Pollutants KW - Pollution KW - Environmental health KW - Toxicology KW - Cosmography KW - Earth sciences KW - World history KW - Analytic biochemistry KW - Biochemistry KW - Chemistry, Analytic KW - Engineering, Hydraulic KW - Engineering KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Hydraulics KW - Shore protection KW - Bioanalytic chemistry KW - Bioanalytical chemistry KW - Analytical chemistry KW - Hydrology. KW - Analytical chemistry. KW - Geotechnical engineering. KW - Earth sciences. KW - Geosciences KW - Environmental sciences KW - Physical sciences KW - Engineering, Geotechnical KW - Geotechnics KW - Geotechnology KW - Engineering geology KW - Analysis, Chemical KW - Analytic chemistry KW - Chemical analysis KW - Chemistry KW - Aquatic sciences KW - Hydrography KW - Water KW - Geohydrology KW - Geology KW - Groundwater KW - Water chemistry - Mathematical models UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:218438 AB - To understand hydrochemistry and to analyze natural as well as man-made impacts on aquatic systems, hydrogeochemical models have been used since the 1960’s and more frequently in recent times. Numerical groundwater flow, transport, and geochemical models are important tools besides classical deterministic and analytical approaches. Solving complex linear or non-linear systems of equations, commonly with hundreds of unknown parameters, is a routine task for a PC. Modeling hydrogeochemical processes requires a detailed and accurate water analysis, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic data as input. Thermodynamic data, such as complex formation constants and solubility-products, are often provided as databases within the respective programs. However, the description of surface-controlled reactions (sorption, cation exchange, surface complexation) and kinetically controlled reactions requires additional input data. Unlike groundwater flow and transport models, thermodynamic models, in principal, do not need any calibration. However, considering surface-controlled or kinetically controlled reaction models might be subject to calibration. Typical problems for the application of geochemical models are: • speciation • determination of saturation indices • adjustment of equilibria/disequilibria for minerals or gases • mixing of different waters • modeling the effects of temperature • stoichiometric reactions (e.g. titration) • reactions with solids, fluids, and gaseous phases (in open and closed systems) • sorption (cation exchange, surface complexation) • inverse modeling • kinetically controlled reactions • reactive transport Hydrogeochemical models depend on the quality of the chemical analysis, the boundary conditions presumed by the program, theoretical concepts (e.g. ER -