TY - BOOK ID - 217255 TI - Pine Wilt Disease: A Worldwide Threat to Forest Ecosystems AU - Mota, Manuel M. AU - Vieira, Paulo R. PY - 2008 SN - 1281757179 9786611757175 1402084552 1402084544 904817886X PB - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer, DB - UniCat KW - Pinewood nematode. KW - Pinewood nematode KW - Conifer wilt. KW - Pine KW - Control. KW - Diseases and pests KW - Aphelenchoides lignophilus KW - Aphelenchoides xylophilus KW - Bursaphelenchus lignicolus KW - Bursaphelenchus lignophilus KW - Bursaphelenchus xylophilus KW - Laimaphelenchus lignophilus KW - Pine wood nematode KW - Bursaphelenchus KW - Pine wilt disease KW - Wilt disease of pine KW - Wilt of conifers KW - Conifers KW - Nematode diseases of plants KW - Wilt diseases KW - Pines KW - Pinus KW - Pinaceae KW - Forests and forestry. KW - Plant diseases. KW - Invertebrates. KW - Plant Ecology. KW - Forestry. KW - Plant Pathology. KW - Botany KW - Plants KW - Ecology KW - Invertebrata KW - Animals KW - Communicable diseases in plants KW - Crop diseases KW - Crops KW - Diseases of plants KW - Microbial diseases in plants KW - Pathological botany KW - Pathology, Vegetable KW - Phytopathology KW - Plant pathology KW - Vegetable pathology KW - Agricultural pests KW - Crop losses KW - Diseased plants KW - Phytopathogenic microorganisms KW - Plant pathologists KW - Plant quarantine KW - Forest land KW - Forest lands KW - Forest planting KW - Forest production KW - Forest sciences KW - Forestation KW - Forested lands KW - Forestland KW - Forestlands KW - Forestry KW - Forestry industry KW - Forestry sciences KW - Land, Forest KW - Lands, Forest KW - Silviculture KW - Sylviculture KW - Woodlands KW - Woods (Forests) KW - Agriculture KW - Natural resources KW - Afforestation KW - Arboriculture KW - Logging KW - Timber KW - Tree crops KW - Trees KW - Pathology KW - Diseases KW - Wounds and injuries KW - Phytoecology KW - Vegetation ecology KW - Plant pathology. KW - Plant ecology. KW - Floristic ecology UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:217255 AB - The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), is a serious pest and pathogen of forest tree species, in particular among the genus Pinus. It was first reported from Japan in the beginning of the XXth century, where it became the major ecological catastrophe of pine forests, with losses reaching over 2 million m3/ year in the 1980s. It has since then spread to other Asian countries such as China, Taiwan and Korea, causing serious losses and economic damage. In 1999, the PWN was first detected in the European Union (EU), in Portugal, and immmediately prompted several government (national and EU) actions to assess the extent of the nematode’s presence, and to contain B. xylophilus and its insect vector (Monochamus galloprovincialis) to an area with a 30km radius in the Setúbal Peninsula, 20 km south of Lisbon. International wood trade, with its political as well as economic ramifications, has been seriously jeopardized. The origin of the population of PWN found in Portugal remains elusive. Several hypotheses may be considered regarding pathway analysis, basically from two general origins: North America or the Far East (Japan or China). World trade of wood products such as timber, wooden crates, palettes, etc… play an important role in the potential dissemination of the pinewood nematode. In fact, human activities involving the movement of wood products may be considered the single most important factor in spreading of the PWN. Despite the dedicated and concerted actions of government agencies, this disease continues to spread. Very recently (2006), in Portugal, forestry and phytosanitary authorities (DGRF and DGPC) have announced a new strategy for the control and ultimately the erradication of the nematode, under the coordination of the national program for the control of the pinewood nematode (PROLUNP). Research regarding the bioecology of the nematode and insect as well as new detection methods, e.g., involving real-time PCR, has progressed since 1999. International agreements (GATT, WTO) and sharing of scientific information is of paramount importance to effectively control the nematode and its vector, and thus protect our forest ecosystems and forest economy. ER -