TY - BOOK ID - 145175269 TI - Challenges and Prospects of Steelmaking Towards the Year 2050 PY - 2021 PB - Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute DB - UniCat KW - Technology: general issues KW - ironmaking KW - carbon emissions KW - energy consumption KW - flash ironmaking process KW - alternate ironmaking processes KW - direct reduction KW - smelting reduction KW - iron ore concentrate KW - natural gas KW - digitalization KW - digital technologies KW - digital transformation KW - steel industry KW - digital skills KW - industrial restructuring KW - carbon emission KW - technology upgrade KW - steel KW - environment KW - mining KW - production KW - circular economy KW - lean and frugal design KW - ecology transition KW - climate change KW - pollution KW - toxicology KW - metals KW - metallic products KW - environmental impact KW - carbon capture and storage KW - CO2 mineralization KW - steelmaking slags KW - nanoparticles KW - life cycle assessment (LCA) KW - by-products KW - industrial symbiosis KW - reuse KW - recycling KW - CO2 mitigation KW - hydrogen KW - kinetics KW - fossil-free steel KW - hydrogen direct-reduced iron (H2DRI) KW - melting of H2DRI in EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) KW - hydrogen production by water electrolysis KW - hydrogen storage KW - grid balancing KW - renewable electricity KW - climate warming KW - carbon footprint KW - energy saving KW - emissions mitigation KW - electricity generation KW - hydrogen in steelmaking KW - steel vision KW - mini blast furnace KW - charcoal KW - mathematical model KW - gas injection KW - kinetic models KW - self-reducing burden KW - iron ore KW - coking coal KW - DRI KW - scrap KW - blue dust KW - decarbonization KW - ironmaking KW - carbon emissions KW - energy consumption KW - flash ironmaking process KW - alternate ironmaking processes KW - direct reduction KW - smelting reduction KW - iron ore concentrate KW - natural gas KW - digitalization KW - digital technologies KW - digital transformation KW - steel industry KW - digital skills KW - industrial restructuring KW - carbon emission KW - technology upgrade KW - steel KW - environment KW - mining KW - production KW - circular economy KW - lean and frugal design KW - ecology transition KW - climate change KW - pollution KW - toxicology KW - metals KW - metallic products KW - environmental impact KW - carbon capture and storage KW - CO2 mineralization KW - steelmaking slags KW - nanoparticles KW - life cycle assessment (LCA) KW - by-products KW - industrial symbiosis KW - reuse KW - recycling KW - CO2 mitigation KW - hydrogen KW - kinetics KW - fossil-free steel KW - hydrogen direct-reduced iron (H2DRI) KW - melting of H2DRI in EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) KW - hydrogen production by water electrolysis KW - hydrogen storage KW - grid balancing KW - renewable electricity KW - climate warming KW - carbon footprint KW - energy saving KW - emissions mitigation KW - electricity generation KW - hydrogen in steelmaking KW - steel vision KW - mini blast furnace KW - charcoal KW - mathematical model KW - gas injection KW - kinetic models KW - self-reducing burden KW - iron ore KW - coking coal KW - DRI KW - scrap KW - blue dust KW - decarbonization UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:145175269 AB - The world steel industry is strongly based on coal/coke in ironmaking, resulting in huge carbon dioxide emissions corresponding to approximately 7% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As the world is experiencing a period of imminent threat owing to climate change, the steel industry is also facing a tremendous challenge in next decades. This themed issue makes a survey on the current situation of steel production, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions, as well as cross-sections of the potential methods to decrease CO2 emissions in current processes via improved energy and materials efficiency, increasing recycling, utilizing alternative energy sources, and adopting CO2 capture and storage. The current state, problems and plans in the two biggest steel producing countries, China and India are introduced. Generally contemplating, incremental improvements in current processes play a key role in rapid mitigation of specific emissions, but finally they are insufficient when striving for carbon neutral production in the long run. Then hydrogen and electrification are the apparent solutions also to iron and steel production. The book gives a holistic overview of the current situation and challenges, and an inclusive compilation of the potential technologies and solutions for the global CO2 emissions problem. ER -