TY - BOOK ID - 14305126 TI - Target Pattern Recognition in Innate Immunity PY - 2009 SN - 1441909001 9786612824920 144190901X 1282824929 PB - New York, NY : Springer New York : Imprint: Springer, DB - UniCat KW - Gene Targeting. KW - Immune recognition. KW - Immunity, Innate -- genetics. KW - Natural immunity. KW - Immune recognition KW - Natural immunity KW - Immunity, Innate KW - Genetics KW - Gene Targeting KW - Biology KW - Genetic Techniques KW - Immunity KW - Immune System Phenomena KW - Biological Science Disciplines KW - Investigative Techniques KW - Natural Science Disciplines KW - Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment KW - Phenomena and Processes KW - Disciplines and Occupations KW - Medical Research KW - Microbiology & Immunology KW - Medicine KW - Health & Biological Sciences KW - Disease resistance KW - Host resistance KW - Innate immunity KW - Innate resistance KW - Native immunity KW - Natural resistance KW - Nonspecific immunity KW - Resistance to disease KW - Antigen recognition KW - Immunorecognition KW - Recognition, Immune KW - Medicine. KW - Immunology. KW - Biomedicine. KW - Biomedicine general. KW - Immunobiology KW - Life sciences KW - Serology KW - Clinical sciences KW - Medical profession KW - Human biology KW - Medical sciences KW - Pathology KW - Physicians KW - Immune response KW - Immunospecificity KW - Health Workforce KW - Biomedicine, general. UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:14305126 AB - Target pattern recognition in innate immunity is responsible for the immediate, usually protective, responses shown against invading microorganisms, and it is the principal feature of self and non-self recognition by virtue of the recognition of structures on the microbial pathogens, which are not found on host cells. This is an area that has been very actively researched, over approximately the past 12 years, and therefore this volume provides a timely comprehensive, and up to date, summary of the types and range of cell surface, intracellular, and secreted, host proteins involved in the recognition of microbial products, and of the protective mechanisms triggered as a result of the recognition events. The Toll-like receptors, first described in Drosophila and now well-characterised on human cells, provide an excellent demonstration of the wide range of different microbial products recognised by this family of receptors and of the signalling pathways which are triggered thus leading to induction of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of genes producing antimicrobial products. In addition, several cell surface proteins involved in target pattern recognition have been described on the surfaces of macrophages (macrophage mannose receptor and macrophage scavenger receptors), and on dendritic cells (DEC205), and to be involved with the uptake and clearance of whole microorganisms and polyanioic ligands. Pattern recognition is also utilised by intracellular receptors, with NOD-like receptors in the cytosol recognizing microbial molecules and activating the production of inflammatory cytokines or pathways that induce the production of inflammatory molecules. Secreted proteins, such as the pentraxins, which includes the acute phase reacting, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid protein (SAP), and the collectins (mannan binding lectin, lung surfactant protein A and D) and ficolins can also readily recruit killing and clearance systems. Indeed, the serum complement system, which is one of the major defence systems in the bloodstream, is efficiently activated by CR P on its binding to the phosphocholine groups of microbial phospholipids—and the subsequent interaction of the bound CR P with C1q—to give classical pathway activation, or MBL, or ficolin, binding to arrays of mannose or N-acetyl-glucosamine residues, respectively, on the surfaces of microorganisms—to give lectin pathway activation. Also, in addition to the activation and clearance events associated with complement activation by some of the secreted pattern recognition receptors, it is accepted that all these pattern recognition receptors can generally accelerate the uptake and clearance of microbes via phagocytic cells. In view of the growing interest in the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity, a thorough understanding of the initial recognition and triggering events, mediated via innate immune receptors, as addressed in this volume, is clearly very useful in helping to also fully understand the mechanisms of activation and control of the adaptive immune system—and to allow a full assessment of the relative roles played by innate immunity and adaptive immunity against a particular infection in higher organisms. ER -