TY - BOOK ID - 137698677 TI - Reciprocity across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula AU - Mattoo, Aaditya AU - Olarreaga, Marcelo PY - 1999 PB - Washington, D.C., The World Bank, DB - UniCat KW - Agreement on Trade KW - Border Trade KW - Comparative Advantage KW - Concessions KW - Economic Theory and Research KW - Emerging Markets KW - Foreign Labor KW - Foreign Markets KW - Free Trade KW - International Economics & Trade KW - International Trade and Trade Rules KW - Macroeconomics and Economic Growth KW - Market Access KW - Private Sector Development KW - Public Sector Development KW - Reciprocal Reduction KW - Reciprocity KW - Tariff KW - Tariff Reduction KW - Terms Of Trade KW - Terms Of Trade Effects KW - Trade and Services KW - Trade Effect KW - Trade Negotiations KW - Trade Policy KW - Volume Of Trade KW - Welfare Gains KW - World Trade KW - World Trade Organization UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:137698677 AB - June 2000 - If negotiations on trade in services at the World Trade Organization are to advance liberalization beyond levels undertaken unilaterally and lead to more balanced outcomes, reciprocity must play a greater role in negotiations. This may be facilitated by the use of negotiating rules that establish credible links across sectors and modes of delivery. Negotiations on trade in services at the World Trade Organization (WTO) have so far produced little liberalization beyond levels countries have undertaken unilaterally. One reason: limited application of the traditional negotiating principle of reciprocity. In particular, participants have failed to exploit the scope of the services agreement (GATS) for the exchange of market-access concessions across different modes of supply - cross-border delivery and the movement of capital and workers. Using the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek framework, Mattoo and Olarreaga propose a negotiating formula that generalizes the fundamental WTO principle of reciprocity to include alternative modes of delivery. Adoption of this formula as a basis for negotiations could bring greater commitments to liberalization on all modes of delivery, producing substantial gains in global welfare and more balanced outcomes. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to improve trade policy in goods and services. The authors may be contacted at amattoo@worldbank.org or molarreaga@worldbank.org ER -