TY - BOOK ID - 136606862 TI - Substitute parents : biological and social perspective on alloparenting across human societies AU - Bentley, Gillian R. AU - Mace, Ruth. PY - 2009 SN - 1282628062 9786612628061 1845459539 0857456423 PB - New York : Berghahn Books, DB - UniCat KW - Foster parents. KW - Child care. UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:136606862 AB - From a comparative perspective, human life histories are unique and raising offspring is unusually costly: humans have relatively short birth intervals compared to other apes, childhood is long, mothers care simultaneously for many dependent children (other apes raise one offspring at a time), infant mortality is high in natural fertility/mortality populations, and human females have a long post-reproductive lifespan. These features conspire to make child raising very burdensome. Mothers frequently defray these costs with paternal help (not usual in other ape species), although this contributi ER -