TY - BOOK ID - 133311076 TI - Shadow Economies All Over The World : New Estimates for 162 Countries From 1999 To 2007 AU - Montenegro, Claudio E. AU - Buehn, Andreas AU - Schneider, Friedrich PY - 2010 PB - Washington, D.C., The World Bank, DB - UniCat KW - Currencies and Exchange Rates KW - Debt Markets KW - Deregulation KW - Development economics KW - Economic Theory & Research KW - Emerging Markets KW - Finance and Financial Sector Development KW - GDP KW - GDP per capita KW - Government regulation KW - Gross domestic product KW - Gross national product KW - Import quotas KW - Income KW - Inflation rate KW - Labor Markets KW - Macroeconomics and Economic Growth KW - Price controls KW - Private Sector Development KW - Purchasing power KW - Regulatory framework KW - Social Protections and Labor KW - Tax revenues KW - Taxation KW - Trade barriers KW - Unemployment KW - Unemployment rate KW - Value added KW - Wages UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:133311076 AB - paper presents estimations of the shadow economies for 162 countries, including developing Eastern European, Central Asian, and high-income countries over the period 1999 to 2006/2007. According to the estimations, the average size of the shadow economy (as a percentage of "official" gross domestic product) in 2006 in 98 developing countries is 38.7 percent; in 21 Eastern European and Central Asian (mostly transition) countries, it is 38.1 percent, and in 25 high-income countries, it is 18.7 percent. The authors find that the driving forces of the shadow economy are an increased burden of taxation (both direct and indirect), combined with labor market regulations and the quality of public goods and services, as well as the state of the "official" economy. ER -