TY - BOOK ID - 10664455 TI - Red Seas PY - 2005 SN - 0814737404 0814736688 0814773346 1429414170 0814744540 9781429414173 9780814736685 9780814773345 9780814744543 PB - New York New York University Press DB - UniCat KW - African American communists -- Biography. KW - Jamaican Americans -- Biography. KW - Labor leaders -- Jamaica -- Biography. KW - Labor leaders -- United States -- Biography. KW - National Maritime Union of America -- History -- 20th century. KW - Smith, Ferdinand. KW - Labor leaders KW - African American communists KW - Jamaican Americans KW - Labor & Workers' Economics KW - Business & Economics KW - National Maritime Union of America KW - History KW - Afro-American communists KW - Communists, African American KW - Communists, Negro KW - Labor movement leaders KW - Leaders, Labor KW - Smith, Ferdinand C., KW - National Maritime Union (U.S.) KW - NMU KW - Ethnology KW - Jamaicans KW - Communists KW - Social reformers KW - Scandinavian Seamen's Club KW - 20th. KW - Afro-Caribbean. KW - Communist. KW - Ferdinand. KW - Smith. KW - activism. KW - biography. KW - black. KW - century. KW - dimensions. KW - first. KW - labor. KW - leader. KW - left. KW - light. KW - political. KW - race. KW - radicalism. KW - shed. KW - which. UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:10664455 AB - During the heyday of the U.S. and international labor movements in the 1930's and 1940's, Ferdinand Smith, the Jamaican-born co-founder and second-in-command of the National Maritime Union (NMU), stands out as one of the most-if not the most-powerful black labor leaders in the United States. Smith's active membership in the Communist Party, however, coupled with his bold labor radicalism and shaky immigration status, brought him under continual surveillance by U.S. authorities, especially during the Red Scare in the 1950's. Smith was eventually deported to his homeland of Jamaica, where he ER -