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This book explores a topic of critical importance in legal and policy discussions surrounding the accountability of military operations in armed conflict, and problematises some presumptions that are often made about the topic.
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Efforts to moderate conflict are as old as conflict itself. Throughout the ages, restraint in warfare has been informed by religious and ethical considerations, chivalry and class, and, increasingly since the mid-19th century, a body of customary and treaty law variously referred to as the laws of war, the law of armed conflict (LOAC) or international humanitarian law (IHL). As they evolved from the mid-19th century, these laws were increasingly underpinned by humanitarianism, then in the mid-20th century, were assumed to be universal. But violations of these restraints are also as old as conflict itself. The history of conflict is replete with examples of exclusions from protections designed to moderate warfare. This edited volume explores the degree to which protections in modern warfare might be informed by notions of 'civility' and 'barbarism', or, to put it another way, asks if only those deemed to be civilised are afforded protections prescribed by the laws of war?
War (International law) --- Humanitarian law. --- Courtesy. --- Civilization.
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How international is international humanitarian law? The Laws of Yesterday's Wars 3: From Highland New Guinea to the Island of Malta , together with its companion volumes, The Laws of Yesterday's Wars: From Indigenous Australians to the American Civil War (Brill-Nijhoff, 2021) and The Laws of Yesterday's Wars 2: From Ancient India to East Africa (Brill-Nijhoff, 2022), attempts to answer that question. It offers a culture-by-culture account of various unique restrictions placed on warfare over time. Containing essays by a range of laws of war academics and practitioners, it approaches the laws of yesterday's wars from a wide cross-section of history and culture, seeking to find any common ground and to demonstrate a history of international law outside the usual confines of its ‘development' by Europeans and its later ‘contributions.' This volume includes studies on Mongol, Iban and Ottoman rules of war.
War (International law) --- War --- History. --- History.
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The question of what constitutes an armed conflict has featured prominently in international law debates. However, international lawyers have paid less attention to the inextricable question of who is engaged in a conflict, focusing solely on whether there is an armed conflict. Against this backdrop, Alexander Wentker's 'Party Status to Armed Conflict in International Law' explores why it matters and how it is established that a state, international organization or armed group is a party to an armed conflict.
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In the beginning there was anarchy—but was there? The nineteenth century is (mis)understood as a century in which states were free to wage war against each other whenever they deemed it politically necessary. Not until the League of Nations, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and the UN Charter was this ‘free right to go to war’ (liberum ius ad bellum) gradually outlawed. The dark times of anarchy were over. Lighter times dawned—and, with them, ‘radical transformations’ of international law and politics. This story of progress is widely shared. But it is puzzling. For a ‘free right to go to war’ has never been empirically proven. By outlining a genealogy of modern war justifications and drawing on multiple political and normative discourses, A Century of Anarchy? argues that this ‘right’ actually never existed (Part I). Rather, it was an invention by realist legal scholars in Imperial Germany who argued against the mainstream of European liberalism (Part II). Paradoxically, this now forgotten Sonderweg reading was universalized in international historiographies after the World Wars. But the characterization of nineteenth-century international relations as anarchic is as inaccurate as it is widespread: in addition to deconstructing the myth of liberum ius ad bellum, this book traces the political and theoretical roots of the modern prohibition of war in the ‘long nineteenth century’ (1789–1918). The latter is not to be understood as the anarchic photo-negative of the modern international order governing the use of force. It was the era of its birth.--
Just war doctrine --- Politics and war --- War (International law) --- History
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An examination of the transmission, dispersal and loss of handwritten documents initially used in Grotius' day-to-day activities as a scholar, lawyer, and politician, but subsequently incorporated into his own or other archives.
International law --- Jurisprudence. --- Natural law. --- Law of the sea. --- War (International law) --- History --- Grotius, Hugo,
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"This Volume explores the making and shaping of the law of armed conflict. A variety of aspects of law-making and shaping are analysed, from identification of a rule of customary international humanitarian law to questions of treaty interpretation and from whether and how to regulate a 'new' situation to whether a treaty rule continues to bind the parties. Issues of making and shaping the law underlie almost every contentious legal issue, from whether an intended practice is covered by an existing rule of conventional or customary international humanitarian law to the weight to be given to interpretations of particular actors. Despite the importance of questions of making and shaping the law, there are relatively few in depth treatments of the subject. The Volume explores the fundamental materials of the law of armed conflict, actors and influences, spaces and questions of unmaking"--
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L'agression militaire subie par l'Ukraine depuis la fin du mois de février 2022 sidère, tant par son ampleur que par ses motivations. La période actuelle est encore celle de l'urgence - notamment militaire, humanitaire et économique -, mais il apparaît, près de deux ans après le déclenchement des hostilités, nécessaire de s'interroger sur certaines des nombreuses questions ouvertes par le conflit : comment comprendre l'offensive russe ? Quels en sont les ressorts et quelles répliques ont été, ou pourraient être à l'avenir, apportées par l'Ukraine et ses alliés ? Comment protéger les vulnérables et punir les criminels ? Quelle lecture belligérants russes et ukrainiens dressent-ils de cette guerre? Et comment mobilisent-ils le droit international afin de justifier leurs comportements, et fonder leurs stratégies ? Si le sort des populations et de la nation ukrainiennes demeure la question essentielle, oc'est, au-delà, toute la pertinence du système international, son efficacité et sa légitimité, qui sont mises à l'épreuve.
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"This book provides accessible, in-depth coverage and analysis of how international law regulates the use of force through an intra-disciplinary perspective. Using a modernized legal positivist approach, it offers a unique focus on the relationship and functions of jus ad bellum within the wider legal landscape"--
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Dès les premiers pas du mouvement international humanitaire qu'il venait d'initier, Henri Dunant s'attela à la création de comités nationaux – les futures Croix-Rouge nationales – afin de porter l'effort humanitaire au coeur même des systèmes nationaux : le fondateur du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge savait que le droit humanitaire ne pourrait porter ses fruits protecteurs sans de véritables politiques publiques nationales, mobilisant l'ensemble de l'appareil normatif étatique (traité, loi, règlementation administrative). Les obstacles à une pleine intégration du droit des conflits armés en droit interne sont encore nombreux et suscitent d'importantes questions : le droit humanitaire est-il systématiquement accueilli en droit interne ? La règlementation nationale fait-elle toujours référence au droit international humanitaire ? Y fait-elle référence sur des sujets classiques, tels que le traitement des prisonniers de guerre, ou également sur des sujets plus sensibles, le cyber, le nucléaire, la lutte contre le terrorisme par exemple ? Le silence de la règlementation nationale sur le droit humanitaire est-il la manifestation d'une ignorance ou au contraire, le signe que ce droit est si bien entré dans les moeurs juridiques nationaux qu'il n'a plus besoin d'être nommé ? Cet ouvrage cherche précisément à étudier cet aspect de la question, trop souvent négligé, et qui détermine pourtant l'issue de la mise en oeuvre effective des exigences humanitaires lors des conflits armés.
Droit humanitaire. --- Guerre (droit international). --- Droit international et droit interne. --- Guerre (droit international) --- Droit humanitaire --- Droit international et droit interne --- Humanitarian law --- War (International law) --- Guerre (Droit international) --- France --- International and municipal law
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