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Biodegradable plastics. --- Degradable plastics --- Environmentally degradable plastics --- Environmentally friendly plastics --- Green plastics --- Biodegradable products --- Biopolymers --- Plastics --- Biodegradation --- Plàstics biodegradables --- Embalatges de plàstic --- Envasament d'aliments

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La gestion des déchets ménagers est un problème majeur depuis des décennies dans les pays en voie de développement comme Haïti, notamment dans la ville de Jérémie qui connaît une croissance démographique élevée. Dans le but de trouver des stratégies pour une meilleure gestion, cette étude a été réalisée dans la ville de Jérémie entre mars et juin 2022. Elle visait à contribuer à la mise en place d’un système de collecte sélective des déchets solides ménagers et au compostage de ces derniers aux fins de production de biofertilisant pour le développement durable de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine. A cet effet, la démarche méthodologique s’articulait autour de 3 grandes étapes : Enquête auprès des échantillons de ménages et des personnes cadres de la mairie ; Collecte et compostage des déchets solides ménagers biodégradables et Analyse des paramètres physico-chimiques des composts produits. Pour y parvenir, 45 ménages repartis en 3 groupes (zones) cibles et 3 responsables de la Mairie ont été enquêtés. Trois (3) bacs ont été utilisés pour le compostage des déchets solides ménagers.
Les résultats de l’enquête ont révélé que 91% des ménages ont utilisés des poubelles sans faire le tri. Cependant, les résultats de tri dans les ménages au sein des groupes (Alain Clérié, Bordes, Mackandal) ont rélevé respectivement de 73%, 91% et 60%. La production moyenne journalière des DSM a été estimée respectivement dans les groupes (Alain Clérié, Bordes, Mackandal) de 0,39 ± 0,03 kg/hab ; 0,56±0,04 kg/hab et 0,25±0,03 kg/hab. À l’issu des trois groupes de ménages, Trois composteurs ont été mis en place : [Groupe 1 (569,68 kg de déchets + 28,48 kg de bagasse) ; Groupe 2 (677,91 kg de déchets + 33,89 kg de bagasse) et Groupe 3 (429,19 kg de déchets + 21,46 kg de bagasse)] pour donner des rendements respectifs : 58% ; 53% et 62%. Les résultats des paramètres physico-chimiques ont révélé que le compost du groupe Alain Clérié a donné la meilleure teneur en (N-P-K) (12,82 kg/t N ; 5,68 kg/t P et 22,87 kg/t K) par rapport aux groupes de Bordes (10,17 kg/t N ; 4,88 kg/t P et 18,77 kg/t K) et de Mackandal (11,41 kg/t N ; 5,42 kg/t P et 21,09 kg/t K). Les rapports C/N d'Alain Clérié, Bordes et Mackandal ont été respectivement : 10,82 ; 11,65 et 10,69. Ces résultats obtenus sont en accord avec la norme NFU44051. 
Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence le potentiel de production des déchets solides ménagers dans la ville de Jérémie. La valorisation de ces DSMs par le compostage pourrait être une alternative à la gestion durable de l’environnement mais aussi dans la contribution au développement de l’agriculture urbaine dans la ville de Jérémie. Household waste management has been a major problem for decades in developing countries like Haiti, especially in the city of Jeremie, which is experiencing high population growth. With the aim of finding strategies for better management, this study was carrie dout in the city of Jeremie between March and June 2022. It aimed to contribute to the establishment of a system for the selective collection of household solid waste and the composting of the latter for the purpose of producing biofertilizer for the sustainable development of urban and peri-urban agriculture. To this end, the methodological approach was articulated around 3 main stages: Survey of samples of households and executives of the town hall; Collection and composting of biodegradable household solid waste and Analysis of the physico-chemical parameters of the composts produced. To achieve this, 45 households divided into 3 target groups (areas) and 3 officials from the Town Hall were surveyed. Three (3) bins were used for composting household solid waste.
The survey results revealed that 91% of households used trash cans without sorting. However, the sorting results in the households within the groups (Alain Clérié, Bordes, Mackandal) were respectively 73%, 91% and 60%. The average daily production of MSW was estimated respectively in the groups (Alain Clérié, Bordes, Mackandal) at 0,39 ± 0.03 kg/hab; 0,56 ± 0,04 kg/hab and 0,25 ± 0,03 kg/hab. At the end ofthe three groups of households, three composters were set up: [Group 1 (569,68 kg ofwaste + 28,48 kg of bagasse); Group 2 (677,91 kg of waste + 33,89 kg of bagasse) and Group 3 (429,19 kg of waste +21,46 kg of bagasse)] to give respective yields: 58%; 53% and 62%. The results of the physico-chemical parameters revealed that the Alain Clérié group's compost gave the best (NPK) content (12,82 kg/t N; 5,68 kg/t P and 22,87 kg/t K) compared to the Bordes (10,17 kg/t N; 4,88 kg/t P and 18,77 kg/t K) and Mackandal(11,41 kg/t N; 5,42 kg/t P and 21,09 kg/t K). The C/N ratios of Alain Clérié, Bordes and Mackandal were respectively: 10,82; 11,65 and 10,69. These results obtained are inaccordance with the NFU44051 standard.
This study made it possible to highlight the potential to produce household solid waste in the city of Jeremie. The recovery of these DSMs by composting could be an alternative to the sustainable management of the environment but also in the contribution to the development of urban agriculture in the city of Jeremie.

Compostage --- déchets biodégradables --- valorisation --- maraîchage --- Jérémie --- Composting --- biodegradable waste --- recovery --- market gardening --- Jeremie --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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Biosensing and bioimaging techniques largely promote the accurate diagnosis of intractable diseases, such as cancers, on the basis of specific molecular targets, or as-called biomarkers. To realize the assays with ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity, the wide application of molecular biology and nanotechnology are of great necessity. Both directions may offer effective signal amplification strategies, as well as inhibition of cross-reaction interference. Therefore, this Special Issue, “Biosensing and Bioimaging: Trends and Perspective”, highlights the recent developments in intelligent biomolecule/nanostructure-based probes for bioimaging and biosensing applications. It consists of five peer-reviewed papers that cover current hot topics, such as biodegradable materials, DNA assembly, shRNA delivery and chimeric proteins, which will provide a unique perspective of advanced biosensing and bioimaging techniques.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Chagas disease --- immunoassays --- chimeric proteins --- stability --- biodegradable materials --- metal-organic framework --- metal ion nodes --- multimode imaging --- theranostic nano-platforms --- MCF-7 cells --- electrochemistry --- 2-D materials --- signal amplification --- DNA assembly --- bio-responsive fluorescent complexes --- shRNA delivery --- LncRNA MALAT1 --- cancer cells bioimaging --- therapeutics --- autophagy --- biosensor --- microfluidics --- organ-on-a-chip --- lung model --- lung-on-a-chip --- Chagas disease --- immunoassays --- chimeric proteins --- stability --- biodegradable materials --- metal-organic framework --- metal ion nodes --- multimode imaging --- theranostic nano-platforms --- MCF-7 cells --- electrochemistry --- 2-D materials --- signal amplification --- DNA assembly --- bio-responsive fluorescent complexes --- shRNA delivery --- LncRNA MALAT1 --- cancer cells bioimaging --- therapeutics --- autophagy --- biosensor --- microfluidics --- organ-on-a-chip --- lung model --- lung-on-a-chip

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The use of polymers in biological applications is defined by the interactions promoted between living organisms and polymeric chains, which are generally associated with the polymers’ hydrophilic and hydrophobic behaviors. However, these water-friendly structures are also very useful for other applications, such as the adsorption of pollutants from sewage water. The modulation of the final properties of water-soluble and insoluble polymers tends to define the spectra of features associated with their final applications.

poly(lactic acid) --- water emulsions --- water dispersions --- film formation --- waterborne coating --- microcapsule --- self-healing --- core material --- clad ratio --- poly(vinyl alcohol) --- glycerol --- microplastics --- biodegradation --- toxicity --- marine water --- thermoresponsive polymers --- hydrophobic transitions --- lower critical solution temperature --- functionalized materials --- contact angle --- drug delivery --- PBCA --- molecular weights --- biodegradable polymers --- NMR --- Advanced Polymer Chromatography™ --- chitosan --- sustainable development --- circular economy --- biopolymers --- n/a --- Research. --- Biology.

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This book focuses on some fundamental issues of polymers’ natural degradation. It is mostly devoted to the different aspects of biodegradation, but some data on the action of water, oxygen, ozone, and UV/Vis light is also included. The consideration of the biodegradation in vivo as the superposition of decay and synthesis provides the opportunity for a fresh look at well-known processes.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- gelatin methacryloyl --- osteoinduction --- tannic acid --- crosslinking --- hydrogel --- biodegradable --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- chitosan --- electrospinning --- thermal oxidation --- biodegradation --- Sturm’s method --- biodegradation rates --- arterial hypertension --- vertebral cartilage --- rhomboid fossa --- anaerobic digestion --- biosorbent --- biostimulant --- magnetite --- nanoparticles --- kinetic model --- polyvinyl chloride (PVC) --- pyrolysis --- thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) --- kinetics --- thermodynamics --- artificial neural networks (ANN) --- mechanochemical method --- recycled polyurethane foam --- orthogonal test --- tensile strength --- thermal conductivity --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- deep eutectic solvents --- polyethylene terephthalate --- Box-Behnken design --- microwave depolymerization --- biodegradable polyester --- ultrafine electrospun fibers --- tetraphenylporphyrin --- metalloporphyrin complexes --- Fe(III) --- Sn(IV) --- X-ray diffraction --- DSC --- spin probe EPR method --- SEM --- biopolymeric nanoparticles --- synthesis --- applications --- medicine --- agriculture --- mechanical recycling --- closed-loop --- polyolefins --- circular testing --- polymer degradation --- epoxy resin --- composite material --- hygrothermal ageing --- water diffusion --- Fick model deviation --- statistical analysis --- box plot --- PCA --- titanium silicon oxide --- hydrolytic degradation --- titania --- silica --- antimicrobial activity --- photocatalytic degradation --- n/a --- Sturm's method