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This book is about development of biodegradable polymers alternatives, which are required to save our reserves of fossil fuels and to save our mother earth from further environmental degradation. This book deals with the family of biodegradable polymers which have to be prepared with a novel idea of studying polymers with a Cradle to Grave approach. It touches upon basic materials, which can be potential materials to prepare biodegradable polymers with their basic structures, properties, behaviour and limitations known till date. This book will help students in understanding various characterization techniques which can be used for the study of identification of functional group, structural properties, thermal behaviour, crystallographic nature, mechanical properties and morphological properties through FTIR-ATR for physico chemical properties, DSC & TGA for thermal studies, XRD for crystallographic studies & SEM for morphological studies. It also provides an overview of various testing methods to analysebiodegradability including standard guideline for evaluation of biodegradation and compostability of polymer material through ASTM/ISO/EN standard methods. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Plastics industry and trade --- Biodegradable plastics

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This book is about development of biodegradable polymers alternatives, which are required to save our reserves of fossil fuels and to save our mother earth from further environmental degradation. This book deals with the family of biodegradable polymers which have to be prepared with a novel idea of studying polymers with a Cradle to Grave approach. It touches upon basic materials, which can be potential materials to prepare biodegradable polymers with their basic structures, properties, behaviour and limitations known till date. This book will help students in understanding various characterization techniques which can be used for the study of identification of functional group, structural properties, thermal behaviour, crystallographic nature, mechanical properties and morphological properties through FTIR-ATR for physico chemical properties, DSC & TGA for thermal studies, XRD for crystallographic studies & SEM for morphological studies. It also provides an overview of various testing methods to analysebiodegradability including standard guideline for evaluation of biodegradation and compostability of polymer material through ASTM/ISO/EN standard methods. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Plastics industry and trade. --- Biodegradable plastics.

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Cette étude a pour but de suivre la dégradation et la dynamique des communautés bactériennes se développant sur des plastiques biodégradables en milieu marin ainsi que l’impact de paramètres abiotiques (température et radiations UVs) sur la dégradation de ceux-ci. 
Pour cela, trois plastiques biodégradables (PBAT, PLA semi cristallin et PLA amorphe) ainsi qu’un plastique non biodégradable servant de référence (PS) ont été immergés en milieu marin pour une durée totale de huit mois, avec trois prélèvements à différents temps (3, 5 et 8 mois). En parallèle, les mêmes plastiques ont été immergés dans une eau de mer artificielle pendant deux mois à différentes températures (4°C, 20°C et 35°C) avec exposition à une lampe UV ou non. Chaque plastique va ensuite être analysé de manière chimique par perte de poids, DSC, GPC et ATR-FTIR pour déterminer si une dégradation a eu lieu. Les biofilms développés à la surface des plastiques de l’aquarium ont été récupérés et ont été analysés de manière microbiologique par PCR et DGGE. 
Les analyses chimiques mettent en évidence une faible dégradation du PBAT après huit mois d’immersion et aucune différence significative pour les autres plastiques. La température et l’exposition aux UVs accélèrent la dégradation des plastiques biodégradables après deux mois d’immersion. Les communautés bactériennes semblent utiliser les plastiques comme support plutôt que comme source de carbone excepté pour le PBAT qui a une dégradation plus marquée et une sélection de sa communauté bactérienne ce qui pourrait signifier un rôle des bactéries dans sa dégradation. 
Ces résultats mettent en avant la faible dégradation des plastiques biodégradables en milieu marin ainsi que l’impact de paramètres abiotiques sur cette dernière. Il permet aussi de mettre en évidence le potentiel de certains plastiques, comme le PBAT, à être dégradé et servir de source de carbone aux bactéries du milieu marin.
Il est donc primordial de créer des normes adéquates pour définir les plastiques comme biodégradables dans le milieu marin ainsi que d’améliorer la gestion des déchets plastiques afin d’augmenter leur recyclage.

Plastique biodégradable --- Biofilm --- Dégradation --- Milieu marin --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences aquatiques & océanologie

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Biodegradable plastics. --- Plastics --- Biodegradation. --- Biodegradable plastics --- Degradable plastics --- Environmentally degradable plastics --- Environmentally friendly plastics --- Green plastics --- Biodegradable products --- Biopolymers --- Biodegradation --- Plàstics biodegradables --- Desenvolupament sostenible --- Creixement sostenible --- Desenvolupament ecologicament sostenible --- Economia sostenible --- Sostenibilitat --- Creixement negatiu (Economia) --- Ciutats sostenibles --- Edificis sostenibles --- Agricultura sostenible --- Consum responsable --- Desenvolupament econòmic --- Economia circular --- Energia exosomàtica --- Pesca sostenible --- Petjada ecològica --- Reivindicacions socials --- Plàstics

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Absorbable metals have shown significant clinical potential for temporary implant applications, where the material is eventually replaced by healthy, functioning tissue. However, several challenges remain before these metals can be used in humans. Innovations and further improvements are required. This book collects scientific contributions dealing with the development of absorbable metals with improved and unique corrosion and mechanical properties for applications in highly loaded implants or cardiovascular and urethral stents.

surface treatments --- roughness --- Mg-alloys --- degradation behavior --- absorbable --- corrosion --- degradation --- magnesium --- ureteral stent --- zinc --- mandibular condylar fracture --- unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactide composite plate --- bioactive resorbable plate --- biomechanical loading evaluation --- fracture fixation --- WE43/HA composite --- friction stir processing --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- corrosion behavior --- absorbable metal --- cytotoxicity --- stent --- ureteral --- urothelial cells --- zinc alloy --- poly-L-lactide --- uncalcined and unsintered hydroxyapatite --- biocompatibility --- osteoconductivity --- mesenchymal stem cell --- iron foam --- polyethyleneimine (PEI) --- biodegradation --- powder metallurgy --- coating --- biodegradable magnesium implants --- bioceramics --- bioactivity --- orthopedic implant --- bone surgery --- absorbable implants --- magnesium (Mg) --- oral and maxillofacial --- orthopedic --- titanium (Ti) --- biomaterials --- electrochemistry --- hydrogen evolution --- microscopy --- Mg-Zn-Sn alloy --- osteoinductive activity --- sirolimus --- rabbit coronary artery endothelial cells --- smooth muscle cells --- bioabsorbable metals --- in-vivo biocompatibility --- strontium --- toxicity --- systemic reactions --- alloy accumulation --- internal organs --- iron --- corrosion rate --- biodegradable material --- n/a