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Wolf, Chad Fredrick, --- United States. --- Officials and employees --- Selection and appointment.

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"The little-known history of how the Sahara was transformed from a green and fertile land into the largest hot desert in the world. The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world, equal in size to China or the United States. Yet, this arid expanse was once a verdant, pleasant land, fed by rivers and lakes. The Sahara sustained abundant plant and animal life, such as Nile perch, turtles, crocodiles, and hippos, and attracted prehistoric hunters and herders. What transformed this land of lakes into a sea of sands? When the Sahara Was Green describes the remarkable history of Earth's greatest desert-including why its climate changed, the impact this had on human populations, and how scientists uncovered the evidence for these extraordinary events. From the Sahara's origins as savanna woodland and grassland to its current arid incarnation, Martin Williams takes us on a vivid journey through time. He describes how the desert's ancient rocks were first fashioned, how dinosaurs roamed freely across the land, and how it was later covered in tall trees. Along the way, Williams addresses many questions: Why was the Sahara previously much wetter, and will it be so again? Did humans contribute to its desertification? What was the impact of extreme climatic episodes-such as prolonged droughts-upon the Sahara's geology, ecology, and inhabitants? Williams also shows how plants, animals, and humans have adapted to the Sahara and what lessons we might learn for living in harmony with the harshest, driest conditions in an ever-changing global environment. A valuable look at how an iconic region has changed over millions of years, When the Sahara Was Green reveals the desert's surprising past to reflect on its present, as well as its possible future"--

Climatic changes --- Desertification --- Aeolian processes. --- Algae. --- Algeria. --- Alluvium. --- Americas. --- Andes. --- Anthozoa. --- Arid. --- Atlantic Ocean. --- Black coral. --- Bolivia. --- Carbon dioxide. --- Chad Basin. --- Chile. --- Climate change. --- Cnidaria. --- Cnidocyte. --- Coal. --- Coral reef. --- Date palm. --- Dendrochronology. --- Deriba Caldera. --- Desert climate. --- Desert. --- Desertification. --- Drought. --- Dry lake. --- Dry valley. --- Dune. --- Earth materials. --- Earth science. --- Earth's orbit. --- East Africa. --- Ecosystem. --- Ecuadorians. --- El Niño-Southern Oscillation. --- Emblem book. --- Erosion. --- Exploration. --- Far North (South Australia). --- Feather. --- Fertilizer. --- Fire coral. --- Goatskin (material). --- Google Earth. --- Grassland. --- Grazing. --- Great Sand Sea. --- Green development. --- Groundwater. --- Herbicide. --- Herder. --- Hippos. --- Iferouane. --- Inca Empire. --- Indo-Pacific. --- Kufra. --- Lake Chad. --- Land snail. --- Libyan Desert. --- Mauritania. --- Mediterranean Sea. --- Mesa. --- Microclimate. --- Monsoon. --- Neolithic. --- Nile. --- North Africa. --- North America. --- Overgrazing. --- Pastoralism. --- Perennial water. --- Pesticide. --- Photosynthesis. --- Plankton. --- Planula. --- Plate tectonics. --- Pollution. --- Polyp. --- Sahara. --- Sand. --- Savanna. --- Sediment. --- Semi-arid climate. --- Silt. --- Soil. --- Solar energy. --- Stolon. --- Stone tool. --- Surface layer. --- Temperate climate. --- Tentacle. --- The Natural Step. --- Tropics. --- Tunisia. --- Vegetation. --- Weathering. --- West Africa. --- Westerlies. --- Year. --- Sahara --- Climate --- History.

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Computational models provide intelligent environmental decision support systems to understand how human decisions are shaped by, and contribute to changes in, the environment. These models provide essential tools to tackle the important issues raised by climate change, including migrations and conflicts due to resource scarcity (e.g., water resources), while accounting for the necessity of co-managing ecosystems across a population of stakeholders with diverse goals. Such socio-environmental systems are characterized by their complexity, which is reflected by an abundance of open questions. This book explores several of these open questions, based on the contributions from over 50 authors. While several books account for methodological developments in modeling socio-environmental systems, our book is unique in combining case studies, methodological innovations, and a holistic approach to training the next generation of modelers. One chapter covers the ontological, epistemological, and ethical issues raised at the intersection of sustainability research and social simulation. In another chapter, we show that the benefits of simulations are not limited to managing complex eco-systems, as they can also serve an educational mission in teaching essential rules and thus improve systems thinking competencies in the broader population.

Technology: general issues --- goal frames --- restoration decision-making rules --- restoration decision-making processes --- mixed qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis --- farmer stakeholders --- Central Malawi --- computer modeling --- human simulation --- social simulation --- sustainability --- development studies --- assemblage theory --- ontology --- epistemology --- ethics --- agent-based modeling --- housing markets --- Urban Shrinkage --- cities --- Detroit --- GIS --- agent-based model --- model development --- IoT sensors --- smart cities --- real-time data --- MARS --- simulation correction --- decision support systems --- urban planning --- multimodal travel --- human responses --- quantitative modeling --- water resources planning --- water availability --- water shortage --- drought --- Congo Basin --- Lake Chad --- climate change --- water --- migrations --- conflicts --- gender --- resilient development --- modeling --- hybrid modeling --- hybrid simulation --- usability --- high school education --- physics education --- user experience --- n/a

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Computational models provide intelligent environmental decision support systems to understand how human decisions are shaped by, and contribute to changes in, the environment. These models provide essential tools to tackle the important issues raised by climate change, including migrations and conflicts due to resource scarcity (e.g., water resources), while accounting for the necessity of co-managing ecosystems across a population of stakeholders with diverse goals. Such socio-environmental systems are characterized by their complexity, which is reflected by an abundance of open questions. This book explores several of these open questions, based on the contributions from over 50 authors. While several books account for methodological developments in modeling socio-environmental systems, our book is unique in combining case studies, methodological innovations, and a holistic approach to training the next generation of modelers. One chapter covers the ontological, epistemological, and ethical issues raised at the intersection of sustainability research and social simulation. In another chapter, we show that the benefits of simulations are not limited to managing complex eco-systems, as they can also serve an educational mission in teaching essential rules and thus improve systems thinking competencies in the broader population.

goal frames --- restoration decision-making rules --- restoration decision-making processes --- mixed qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis --- farmer stakeholders --- Central Malawi --- computer modeling --- human simulation --- social simulation --- sustainability --- development studies --- assemblage theory --- ontology --- epistemology --- ethics --- agent-based modeling --- housing markets --- Urban Shrinkage --- cities --- Detroit --- GIS --- agent-based model --- model development --- IoT sensors --- smart cities --- real-time data --- MARS --- simulation correction --- decision support systems --- urban planning --- multimodal travel --- human responses --- quantitative modeling --- water resources planning --- water availability --- water shortage --- drought --- Congo Basin --- Lake Chad --- climate change --- water --- migrations --- conflicts --- gender --- resilient development --- modeling --- hybrid modeling --- hybrid simulation --- usability --- high school education --- physics education --- user experience --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Computational models provide intelligent environmental decision support systems to understand how human decisions are shaped by, and contribute to changes in, the environment. These models provide essential tools to tackle the important issues raised by climate change, including migrations and conflicts due to resource scarcity (e.g., water resources), while accounting for the necessity of co-managing ecosystems across a population of stakeholders with diverse goals. Such socio-environmental systems are characterized by their complexity, which is reflected by an abundance of open questions. This book explores several of these open questions, based on the contributions from over 50 authors. While several books account for methodological developments in modeling socio-environmental systems, our book is unique in combining case studies, methodological innovations, and a holistic approach to training the next generation of modelers. One chapter covers the ontological, epistemological, and ethical issues raised at the intersection of sustainability research and social simulation. In another chapter, we show that the benefits of simulations are not limited to managing complex eco-systems, as they can also serve an educational mission in teaching essential rules and thus improve systems thinking competencies in the broader population.

Technology: general issues --- goal frames --- restoration decision-making rules --- restoration decision-making processes --- mixed qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis --- farmer stakeholders --- Central Malawi --- computer modeling --- human simulation --- social simulation --- sustainability --- development studies --- assemblage theory --- ontology --- epistemology --- ethics --- agent-based modeling --- housing markets --- Urban Shrinkage --- cities --- Detroit --- GIS --- agent-based model --- model development --- IoT sensors --- smart cities --- real-time data --- MARS --- simulation correction --- decision support systems --- urban planning --- multimodal travel --- human responses --- quantitative modeling --- water resources planning --- water availability --- water shortage --- drought --- Congo Basin --- Lake Chad --- climate change --- water --- migrations --- conflicts --- gender --- resilient development --- modeling --- hybrid modeling --- hybrid simulation --- usability --- high school education --- physics education --- user experience