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Searching for small gaps between consecutive primes is one way to approach the twin primes conjecture, one of the most celebrated unsolved problems in number theory. This book documents the remarkable developments of recent decades, whereby an upper bound on the known gap length between infinite numbers of consecutive primes has been reduced to a tractable finite size. The text is both introductory and complete: the detailed way in which results are proved is fully set out and plenty of background material is included. The reader journeys from selected historical theorems to the latest best result, exploring the contributions of a vast array of mathematicians, including Bombieri, Goldston, Motohashi, Pintz, Yildirim, Zhang, Maynard, Tao and Polymath8. The book is supported by a linked and freely-available package of computer programs. The material is suitable for graduate students and of interest to any mathematician curious about recent breakthroughs in the field.
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This undergraduate textbook provides an elegant introduction to the arithmetic of quadratic number fields, including many topics not usually covered in books at this level. Quadratic fields offer an introduction to algebraic number theory and some of its central objects: rings of integers, the unit group, ideals and the ideal class group. This textbook provides solid grounding for further study by placing the subject within the greater context of modern algebraic number theory. Going beyond what is usually covered at this level, the book introduces the notion of modularity in the context of quadratic reciprocity, explores the close links between number theory and geometry via Pell conics, and presents applications to Diophantine equations such as the Fermat and Catalan equations as well as elliptic curves. Throughout, the book contains extensive historical comments, numerous exercises (with solutions), and pointers to further study. Assuming a moderate background in elementary number theory and abstract algebra, Quadratic Number Fields offers an engaging first course in algebraic number theory, suitable for upper undergraduate students.
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This book discusses the p-adic modular forms, the eigencurve that parameterize them, and the p-adic L-functions one can associate to them. These theories and their generalizations to automorphic forms for group of higher ranks are of fundamental importance in number theory. For graduate students and newcomers to this field, the book provides a solid introduction to this highly active area of research. For experts, it will offer the convenience of collecting into one place foundational definitions and theorems with complete and self-contained proofs. Written in an engaging and educational style, the book also includes exercises and provides their solution.
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This book discusses special properties of integer sequences from a unique point of view. It generalizes common, well-known properties and connects them with sequences such as divisible sequences, Lucas sequences, Lehmer sequences, periods of sequences, lifting properties, and so on. The book presents theories derived by using elementary means and includes results not usually found in common number theory books. Considering the impact and usefulness of these theorems, the book also aims at being valuable for Olympiad level problem solving as well as regular research. This book will be of interest to students, researchers and faculty members alike. .
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In this essential, Claudia Alfes-Neumann discusses applications of the theory of modular forms and their importance as fundamental tools in mathematics. These functions - initially defined purely analytically - appear in many areas of mathematics: very prominently in number theory, but also in geometry, combinatorics, representation theory, and physics. After explaining necessary basics from complex analysis, the author defines modular forms and shows some applications in number theory. Furthermore, she takes up two important aspects of the theory surrounding modular forms: Hecke operators and L-functions of modular forms. The essentials concludes with an outlook on real-analytic generalizations of modular forms, which play an important role in current research. This Springer essential is a translation of the original German 1st edition essentials, Modulformen by Claudia Alfes-Neumann, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors. Contents Fundamentals of complex analysis Modular forms Construction of modular forms and examples Hecke theory and L-functions of modular forms The partition function and modular forms of half-integer weight Real-analytic modular forms The target groups Students of mathematics Non-specialist mathematicians and scientists The Author Prof. Dr. Claudia Alfes-Neumann is Professor of Mathematics at Bielefeld University.
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