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Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes.

History of engineering & technology --- biomass --- xylan --- lignin --- cellulose --- pretreatment --- solid superacid catalyst --- sulfated tin(IV) oxide --- α-pinene partial coupling --- renewable high-density fuel --- biofuel --- biorefinery --- sugar-decomposed --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- waste biomass --- kinetics --- biomass pre-treatment --- green diesel --- renewable diesel --- Ni catalyst --- hydrodeoxygenation --- Cu-promotion effect --- catalysts --- solvents

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Natural products hold a prominent position in the current discovery and development of drugs and have diverse indications for both human and animal health. Plants, in particular, play a leading role as a source of specialized metabolites with medical effects. Other organisms, such as marine and terrestrial animals and microorganisms, produce very important drug candidate molecules. Specialized metabolites from these varied natural sources can be used directly as bioactive compounds or drug precursors. In addition, due to their broad chemical diversity, they can act as drug prototypes and/or be used as pharmacological tools for different targets. Some examples of natural metabolites that have been developed into useful medical drug are cardiotonic digoxin from Digitalis sp., antimalarial artemisinin from Artemisia annua, anti-cancer taxol from Taxus sp., or podophyllotoxin from Podophyllum peltatum, which served as a synthetic model for the anti-cancer etoposide. The study of natural products is still attracting great scientific attention and their current importance, as a valuable lead for drug discovery, is undebatable. I cordially invite authors to contribute original articles, as well as survey articles, that give the readers of Molecules **MOLECULES NEEDS TO BE ITALICIZED** updated and new perspectives on natural products in drug discovery, including but not limited to natural sources, identification and separation of bioactive phytochemicals, standardization, new biological targets, pre-clinical and clinical trials, pharmacological effects/side effects, and bioassays.

dihydrochalcones --- cytotoxicity-guided --- n/a --- harpagoside --- biotechnology --- synergy --- Imperata cylindrica --- 5?-dimethylchalcone (DMC) --- antioxidant activity --- marine resources --- phenolic derivatives --- secondary metabolites --- antimicrobial agents --- antimicrobial resistance --- metabolomics --- Humulus lupulus --- chromatography --- stereochemistry --- FSE --- cytokines --- cytotoxic activity --- glutamate --- angiogenesis --- traditional medicine --- Ca2+ --- L6 cell --- human colon cancer cell lines --- siphonous green algae --- anti-inflammatory activity --- Phyllanthus chamacristoides --- spectroscopic analysis --- Physcomitrella patens --- Leishmania mexicana mexicana --- dementia --- prenylated phenolic compounds --- T2DM --- HPLC-ESI-microTOF-Q-MS/MS --- Eruca sativa --- Dryopteris fragrans --- chemosystematics --- 2? --- cerebellum --- Cleistocalyx operculatus --- inflammation --- multivariate data analysis --- Phyllanthus orbicularis --- HPLC --- cardiovascular disease --- Kv7 potassium channels --- marine peptides --- proliferation --- sulfated coumarins --- Orobanche s.l. --- phenylpropanoid glycosides --- Harpagophytum procumbens --- sesquiterpenoids --- TRPV1 --- Fideloside --- phenylethanoid glycosides --- Cuba --- molecular network --- NMR --- ketamine --- aging --- GLUT4 --- diabetes --- oxidative stress --- Lamiales --- circular dichroism --- psychosis --- antinociceptive --- immuno-regulation activity --- terpenoids --- NADPH oxidases --- diabetic neuropathy --- spagyric tincture --- H2S --- celastrol --- isolation and quantification --- 4?-dihydroxy-6?-methoxy-3? --- Leea indica --- C-glycoside --- neuropathic pain --- PANC-1 --- glucosinolates --- flavonoids --- bioactivities of natural products --- cardamonin --- isoflavones --- terpenes --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- malaria --- artemisinin --- natural products --- devil’s claw --- ACE inhibitory peptide --- pPancreatic cancer --- growth inhibitory activity --- mass spectrometry --- flavonoid --- phenolics --- Astragalus boeticus L. --- proanthocyanidins --- opioid --- Trifolium --- Trypanosoma brucei brucei --- acetylated astragalosides --- Fabaceae --- bioactive peptides --- LC-MS --- Dasycladus vermicularis --- Orobanchaceae --- migration --- glucoerucin --- ESI-MS/MS --- cancer --- zebrafish --- antihypertensive --- Bacopa monnieri --- chemical derivatization --- hypertension --- devil's claw