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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical genetics --- RNA --- translational control --- RNA-binding proteins --- mRNA localization --- development --- disease --- RNA --- translational control --- RNA-binding proteins --- mRNA localization --- development --- disease

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

RNA --- RNA Splicing --- RNA binding proteins --- RNA modifications --- Human disease and tRNA modifications

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical genetics --- RNA regulatory enzyme --- RNA-binding protein --- RNA modification --- transcription --- translation --- tRNA --- quality control --- RNA processing --- RNA regulatory enzyme --- RNA-binding protein --- RNA modification --- transcription --- translation --- tRNA --- quality control --- RNA processing

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical genetics --- RNA regulatory enzyme --- RNA-binding protein --- RNA modification --- transcription --- translation --- tRNA --- quality control --- RNA processing

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Discovered in plants at the turn of the century, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be fundamental to many aspects of plant biology. These small (20–24 nt) regulatory RNAs are derived via processing from longer imperfect double-stranded RNAs. They are then incorporated into silencing complexes, which they guide to (m)RNAs of high sequence complementarity, resulting in gene silencing outcomes, either via RNA degradation and/or translational inhibition. Some miRNAs are ancient, being present in all species of land plants and controlling fundamental processes such as phase change, organ polarity, flowering, and leaf and root development. However, there are many more miRNAs that are much less conserved and with less understood functions. This Special Issue contains seven research papers that span from understanding the function of a single miRNA family to examining how the miRNA profiles alter during abiotic stress or nutrient deficiency. The possibility of circular RNAs in plants acting as miRNA decoys to inhibit miRNA function is investigated, as was the hierarchical roles of miRNA biogenesis factors in the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis. Three reviews cover the potential of miRNAs for agronomic improvement of maize, the role of miRNA-triggered secondary small RNAs in plants, and the potential function of an ancient plant miRNA.

microRNAs --- abiotic stress --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- heat stress --- photosynthesis --- maize (Zea mays L.) --- immunoprecipitation --- tapetum --- resurrection plants --- plastocyanin --- dehydration --- Tripogon loliiformis --- secondary siRNA --- RT-qPCR --- putrescine --- DRB2 --- phosphate (PO4) stress --- argonaute --- development --- miR399-directed PHO2 expression regulation --- circRNA --- Solanum lycopersicum --- copper deficiency --- salt stress --- DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA BINDING (DRB) proteins DRB1 --- P5CS --- proline --- phasiRNA --- drought stress --- agronomic traits --- Colorado potato beetle --- Cu-microRNA --- plant --- miR171 --- STTM --- aleurone --- PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2) --- vegetative growth --- nutrient availability --- miRNAs --- non-coding RNA --- pollen --- tomato --- flowering --- crop improvement --- callose --- miRNA target gene expression --- circular RNAs --- miRNA --- programmed cell death --- DRB4 --- microRNA (miRNA) --- target mimicry --- MYB transcription factors --- post-transcriptional gene silencing --- desiccation --- miR399 --- miR159 --- copper protein --- drought --- microRNAs (miRNAs) --- microRNA --- GAMYB --- tasiRNA --- phosphorous (P)