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The New Approaches to Economic Challenges (NAEC) initiative was established to distil lessons from the Global Financial Crisis and now the systemic crises sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. This book publishes short summaries of a diverse range of thinking and proposals from a prestigious series of experts.

Finance --- International finance. --- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020 --- -Economic aspects. --- -Epidemics --- International monetary system --- International money --- International economic relations --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Economic aspects.

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This book presents a systematic review of the literature on the foreign expansion decisions of multinational banks (MNBs). With today's increasing level of globalization, many banks have expanded their activities internationally to take advantage of new opportunities in different markets. As each extension strategy brings distinctive benefits and challenges, finding an optimal approach to internationalization plays a crucial role in maximizing the advantages while decreasing the drawbacks under changing conditions. After screening 141 papers, 28 articles from leading international research journals were selected according to defined criteria in order to provide a synthesized framework connecting MNBs’ decisions to enter foreign markets with the reasons and consequences. The book argues that the MNBs’ main motivations for foreign expansion are related to location and ownership factors. Based on the priorities of these motives, MNBs can choose cross-border lending, greenfield investment or acquisition as an entry mode. Since each has its own benefits and challenges, the chosen strategy has further implications for both the profitability of MNBs and the economic conditions of the host country regarding the competition level, lending pattern to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), market interest rates and financial stability. After establishing a link between the main drivers of foreign expansion, the entry mode choices, and the impacts of foreign bank presence in the host country, the book offers managers of MNBs insights into the further implications. Highlighting the gaps in literature, it also appeals to researchers looking for future areas of study. Cansu Eray holds a B.Sc. in Economics and a degree in Political Sciences and Public Administration from Hacettepe University, Turkey. She also holds a first-class M.Sc. in International Management from Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, and certification in Marketing and Management in China from Fudan University, China. From the finance to IT sectors, she has a wide range of experience in the field of compliance. She is an Association of Luxembourg Compliance Officers certified compliance officer, and a University College Dublin certified white collar crime prevention professional. Cansu is currently working as a privacy and law enforcement compliance legal specialist at Apple Inc.

Banks and banking, International. --- International banking --- Offshore banking (Finance) --- Transnational banking --- Financial institutions, International --- International finance --- Banks and banking. --- International finance. --- Banking. --- International Finance. --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Financial institutions --- Money

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This volume presents current developments in the field of finance from an emerging markets perspective. Featuring most of the contributions presented at the second International Conference on Economics and Finance (ICEF-2020), Goa, India, this volume serves as a valuable forum for discussing financial performance and well-being, economic policy uncertainty, efficiency of commodity markets and various recent trends in the banking and financial sector. It provides an analysis of the current state of the financial sector and proposes solutions to challenging topics including bankruptcy, audit quality and liquidity crises. Popular topics such as cryptocurrency, stock market volatility and board governance are also covered.

International finance. --- Capital market. --- Finance. --- International Finance. --- Capital Markets. --- Finance, general. --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- International finance --- Developing countries --- Economic conditions --- Finances internacionals --- Condicions econòmiques --- Països desenvolupats

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The Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund were adopted at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (Bretton Woods, New Hampshire) on July 22, 1944. They were originally accepted by 29 countries and since then have been signed and ratified by a total of 189 Member countries. As the charter of the organization, the Articles lay out the Fund’s purposes, which include the promotion of “international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems”. The Articles also establish the mandate of the Organization and its members’ rights and obligations, its governance structure and roles of its organs, and lays out various rules of operations including those related to the conduct of its operations and transactions regarding the Special Drawing Rights. The key functions of the IMF are the surveillance of the international monetary system and the monitoring of members’ economic and financial policies, the provision of Fund resources to member countries in need, and the delivery of technical assistance and financial services. Since their adoption in 1944, the Articles of Agreement have been amended seven times, with the latest amendment adopted on December 15, 2010 (effective January 26, 2016). The Articles are complemented by the By-laws of the Fund adopted by the Board of Governors, themselves being supplemented by the Rules and Regulations adopted by the Executive Board.

Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Crisis management --- Currency --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Government and the Monetary System --- International Economics --- International finance --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money --- Payment Systems --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Regimes --- Standards --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- United States

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The Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund were adopted at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (Bretton Woods, New Hampshire) on July 22, 1944. They were originally accepted by 29 countries and since then have been signed and ratified by a total of 189 Member countries. As the charter of the organization, the Articles lay out the Fund’s purposes, which include the promotion of “international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems”. The Articles also establish the mandate of the Organization and its members’ rights and obligations, its governance structure and roles of its organs, and lays out various rules of operations including those related to the conduct of its operations and transactions regarding the Special Drawing Rights. The key functions of the IMF are the surveillance of the international monetary system and the monitoring of members’ economic and financial policies, the provision of Fund resources to member countries in need, and the delivery of technical assistance and financial services. Since their adoption in 1944, the Articles of Agreement have been amended seven times, with the latest amendment adopted on December 15, 2010 (effective January 26, 2016). The Articles are complemented by the By-laws of the Fund adopted by the Board of Governors, themselves being supplemented by the Rules and Regulations adopted by the Executive Board.

Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Crisis management --- Currency --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Foreign Exchange --- Foreign exchange --- Government and the Monetary System --- International Economics --- International finance --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Money --- Payment Systems --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Regimes --- Standards --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- United States