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Voeding --- Food consumption --- Studie en onderwijs

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Haciendas --- Ceramics --- Food consumption --- Social conditions --- Social life and customs --- New Mexico --- Colonization

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Home to over 735,000 people, the Kingdom of Bhutan has achieved rapid economic growth and poverty reduction, despite the constraints of being a small, landlocked, and mountainous country. Its neighbors, China to the north and India to the south, are in contrast the two most populous countries in the world. Bhutan's land area is only 1 percent of India's and 0.5 percent of China's. Even surrounded by much larger economies, Bhutan has seen its economy expand rapidly in recent years, largely through hydropower exports to India and construction. The country halved its poverty rate to 12 percent between 2007 and 2012, and by 2017 it had achieved a further reduction, to 8.2 percent (NSB and World Bank 2017). National policy remains centered on diversifying export-led growth beyond hydropower exports to India and on making Bhutan's economic growth more inclusive of all citizens. The agriculture sector, one of the five jewels in the Bhutanese economy, can play a key role in sustaining growth, reducing poverty, creating jobs, and expanding shared prosperity. Bhutan's dense and virtually untouched forests, abundant water resources, and diversity of wild species are exceptional natural endowments, and correspondingly, environmental conservation is the cornerstone of Bhutan's development approach (World Bank 2014). This Policy Note reviews Bhutan's recent agricultural transformation from a spatial perspective and suggests measures to make further progress. The discussion focuses on crop-level drivers of productivity and spatial patterns of agricultural production in relation to markets, especially in relation to opportunities for expanding market potential to support the national development goals of the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB). The government has set targets in a number of policy areas where agriculture plays a critical role.

Agribusiness --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Climate Change and Agriculture --- Crops and Crop Management Systems --- Export Competitiveness --- Food Consumption --- Food Security --- Livestock and Animal Husbandry

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Gastronomie, food tech, santé, big data et génétique sont, entre autres, au menu de cet Essentiel entièrement inédit. Les chercheurs réunis ici nous éclairent sur les comportements alimentaires et les nouvelles pratiques ou tendances qui façonnent, à travers le monde, l’alimentation de demain. Depuis quelques années, l’alimentation est un objet de controverses... La communication est devenue cruciale pour comprendre les crises alimentaires (scandales sanitaires, OGM, avaries dans la distribution ou la restauration). Le mécanisme est partout le même : pléthorique et contradictoire, l’information circule à la vitesse de la lumière, elle se déforme, affole ou séduit les mangeurs. Les individus, notamment les « millennials », sont pris entre renoncement et pratiques alternatives, nourris par une défiance croissante envers l’industrie agroalimentaire. Ces médiations mettent les chercheurs au défi de comprendre comment les consommateurs construisent leurs systèmes de confiance et réinventent la façon dont nous mangerons demain.

Coutumes alimentaires --- Sociologie --- Aspect moral --- Aliments --- Alimentation --- Consommation --- Food habits --- Food consumption --- Nutrition --- Habitudes alimentaires --- Sociological aspects --- Aspect sociologique --- Food habits. --- Food --- Food consumption. --- Diet --- Social aspects. --- Sociological aspects. --- Health --- Consumption of food --- Cost and standard of living --- Food supply --- Eating --- Food customs --- Foodways --- Human beings --- Habit --- Manners and customs --- Oral habits --- consommation --- santé --- communication --- gastronomie

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Food consumed outside the home in restaurants or other food establishments is a growing segment of consumption in many developing countries. However, the survey methods that are utilized to collect data on expenditures on food away from home are often simplistic and could potentially result in inaccurate reporting. This study addresses the potential inaccuracy of commonly used methods and tests potentially superior methods to inform best practices when collecting data on consumption of food away from home. A household survey experiment was implemented in Hanoi, Vietnam, to test these different methods. Using a food away from home consumption diary as a benchmark, the study finds that many of the alternative methods considered-including asking about consumption in one line (the existing practice in Vietnam) or asking each individual about their food away from home-lead to underreporting (33 and 22 percent underestimates, respectively). Surprisingly, using one respondent and helping them with recall with a simple worksheet as well as bounding (two-visits) results in food away from home estimates that are indistinguishable from those reported in the benchmark diary. This finding implies that there is a more cost-effective way to collect accurate data on food away from home than an intensive daily diary. Furthermore, it highlights the inaccuracy associated with collecting data on consumption of food away from home from a single question in a survey. Although limited analysis can be conducted on the implications for poverty, the study finds that the profiles of the poorest households differ across different methods of collecting information on food consumed away from home.

Data collection --- Education --- Educational sciences --- Food consumption --- Health care services industry --- Inequality --- Labor and employment law --- Law and development --- Poverty --- Poverty reduction --- Survey methodology --- Urban governance and management --- Urban housing --- Urban housing and land settlements --- Welfare measurement