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This dissertation by Katarina Niward focuses on the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), a leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide. The book investigates current drug susceptibility testing (DST) breakpoints for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, explores pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of TB treatment, and examines the role of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in optimizing treatment regimens. It highlights the need for reliable DST methods and individualized treatment strategies to combat drug-resistant TB, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. The research includes studies from Sweden and China and emphasizes the importance of accurate drug testing and monitoring to improve patient outcomes and prevent resistance development.

Drug resistance in microorganisms. --- Drug monitoring.

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Pancreas --- Cancer. --- Pancreatic Neoplasms --- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm. --- drug therapy. --- Antineoplastic Agent Resistance --- Neoplasm Drug Resistance --- Resistance, Antineoplastic Agent --- Resistance, Antineoplastic Drug --- Antibiotic Resistance, Neoplasm --- Antineoplastic Drug Resistance --- Drug Resistance, Antineoplastic

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This volume is the first-ever complete treatise on polymyxins and presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date reviews of all major research and clinical topics from chemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, clinical use, to drug discovery. All chapters were written by internationally leading researchers and clinicians in the field. It is our wish that readers discover the importance of polymyxin structure in relation to the mechanisms of activity, resistance and toxicity. We emphasized that reliable analytic methods for polymyxins are critical when investigating their pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). The complicated dose definitions and different pharmacopoeial standards have already compromised the safe use of polymyxins in patients. Therefore, informed by the latest pharmacological information, scientifically-based dosing recommendations have been proposed for intravenous polymyxins. Considering the PK/PD limitations and potential development of resistance, polymyxin combinations are encouraged; however, the current literature has not shown definite microbiological benefits, possibly because most clinical studies to date overlooked key PK/PD principles. Nephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting factor and it is imperative to elucidate the mechanisms and develop novel approaches to minimize polymyxin-associated toxicities. In addition, the anti-endotoxin effect of polymyxins supports their clinical use to treat Gram-negative sepsis. Fortunately, the discovery of new-generation polymyxins with wider therapeutic windows has benefited from the latest achievements in polymyxin research. This book provides extensive pharmacological information on polymyxins to infectious diseases clinicians, pharmacists, clinical microbiologists, antimicrobial pharmacologists, and pharmaceutical scientists, and is an essential read for those who aim to develop novel polymyxins and improve their clinical use as a last-line defense against Gram-negative ‘superbugs’.

Antibiotics. --- Bacteriology. --- Drug interactions. --- Pharmacotherapy. --- Drug Resistance. --- Interactions, Drug --- Drugs --- Microbiology --- Side effects --- Drug resistance. --- Resistance to drugs --- Pharmacology --- Drug therapy --- Pharmacotherapy --- Therapeutics

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

antibiotic resistance --- antibiotic inactivation --- multi-drug-resistance --- cell wall alteration --- efflux pumps --- ribosome --- bacteria

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This book summarizes the emerging trends in the field of antibiotic resistance of various gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species. The ability of different species of bacteria to resist the antimicrobial agent has become a global problem. As such, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in our understanding of the origin and mechanism of resistance, discusses the modern concept of the biochemical and genetic basis of antibacterial resistance and highlights the clinical and economic implications of the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens and their ecotoxic effects. It also reviews various strategies to curtail the emergence and examines a number of innovative therapeutic approaches, such as CRISPR, phage therapy, nanoparticles and natural antimicrobials, to combat the spread of resistance.

Drug resistance. --- Infectious diseases. --- Bacteriology. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Drug Resistance. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Microbiology --- Resistance to drugs --- Pharmacology --- Drug resistance in microorganisms. --- Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms --- Antibiotics resistance in microorganisms --- Bacterial resistance to antibiotics --- Drug resistance in micro-organisms --- Microbial drug resistance --- Resistance to drugs in microorganisms --- Microorganisms --- Effect of drugs on --- Resistència als medicaments --- Farmacoresistència --- Farmacologia --- Resistència a la insulina --- Efecte dels medicaments sobre els microorganismes