Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Do trade shocks affect workers differently because of their age? This paper examines the issue by estimating the lifetime mobility of workers based on the sectors in which they work. Using U.S. data, the paper shows that mobility costs rise with a worker's age and years of experience, but stay the same regardless of his or her education level. In addition, using a general-equilibrium simulation of counterfactual trade-liberalization policies in the metal manufacturing sector, the paper shows that trade shocks affect workers with higher mobility costs more, for both winners and losers of the policy shocks. But the effects taper off over a worker's lifetime, especially when they are close to retirement.

Economic Theory & Research --- International Economics & Trade --- Labor Market Equilibrium --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Sectoral Mobility --- Tertiary Education --- Trade Liberalization --- Trade Policy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact on Bangladesh of increased market access in India, both within a static production structure and also identifying dynamic gains. The study shows that Bangladesh and India would both gain by opening up their markets to each other. Indian investments in Bangladesh will be very important for the latter to ramp up its exports, including products that would broaden trade complementarity and enhance intra-industry trade, and improve its trade standards and trade-handling capacity. A bilateral Free Trade Agreement would lift Bangladesh's exports to India by 182 percent, and nearly 300 percent if transaction costs were also reduced through improved connectivity. These numbers, based on existing trade patterns, represent a lower bound of the potential increase in Bangladesh's exports arising from a Free Trade Agreement. A Free Trade Agreement would also raise India's exports to Bangladesh. India's provision of duty-free access for all Bangladeshi products (already done) could increase the latter's exports to India by 134 percent. In helping Bangladesh's economy to grow, India would stimulate economic activity in its own eastern and north-eastern states. Challenges exist, however, including non-tariff measures/barriers in both countries, excessive bureaucracy, weak trade facilitation, and customs inefficiencies. Trade in education and health care services offers valuable prospects, but also suffers from market access issues. To enable larger gains, Bangladesh-India cooperation should go beyond goods trade and include investment, finance, services trade, trade facilitation, and technology transfer, and be placed within the context of regional cooperation.

CGE model --- Economic Theory & Research --- Free Trade --- FTA --- International Economics & Trade --- Trade facilitation --- Trade Law --- Trade liberalization --- Trade Policy --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning --- Bangladesh --- India

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Do trade shocks affect workers differently because of their age? This paper examines the issue by estimating the lifetime mobility of workers based on the sectors in which they work. Using U.S. data, the paper shows that mobility costs rise with a worker's age and years of experience, but stay the same regardless of his or her education level. In addition, using a general-equilibrium simulation of counterfactual trade-liberalization policies in the metal manufacturing sector, the paper shows that trade shocks affect workers with higher mobility costs more, for both winners and losers of the policy shocks. But the effects taper off over a worker's lifetime, especially when they are close to retirement.

Economic Theory & Research --- International Economics & Trade --- Labor Market Equilibrium --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Sectoral Mobility --- Tertiary Education --- Trade Liberalization --- Trade Policy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"The publication estimated the impact of reforms in the manufacturing sector, concluding that tariff liberalization and export promotion had played an important role in pushing manufacturing growth from 5 per cent in previous decades to 8 per cent in the 2000s. That had eased the import compression witnessed during the previous decade and had made it easier for exporters to obtain inputs and intermediates at competitive prices from global sources. Nevertheless, the role of domestic demand in the growth of this sector could not be ignored, since India's per capita income had -- for the first time -- risen above 5 per cent per year."--Provided by publisher.

IN / India - Inde --- 331.33 --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- E-books --- Free trade --- History --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International trade --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- India --- Commercial policy.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Services as a share of gross domestic product and in foreign direct investment flows have increased in importance both globally and in the transition countries of Europe and Central Asia. So has the need for both academics and policymakers to understand the impacts of services liberalization in the transition countries. For this reason, the World Bank Institute, under a grant from the Government of Austria, commissioned seven studies under the auspices of the Economic Education Research Consortium (headquartered in Kiev, Ukraine) to investigate the impact of services liberalization on productivity, focusing on services reform in the transition countries of Europe and Central Asia. All of the studies have been produced by authors from the transition countries of Europe or Central Asia. This paper summarizes six of these studies that will appear in a volume in Russian edited by the author of this paper. The studies contribute to the growing empirical literature establishing that liberalization of barriers against service providers can make an important contribution to increase total factor productivity, exports and growth in the economy. They also show that the issue of services liberalization is important for the transition countries in particular. Links to the English language versions of the papers are provided.

Banks & Banking Reform --- Commonwealth of Independent States --- E-Business --- Econometric estimates --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Firm level data --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- International Economics & Trade --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Productivity impacts --- Services liberalization