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When can we be morally responsible for our behavior? Is it fair to blame people for actions that are determined by heredity and environment? Can we be responsible for the actions of relatives or members of our community? In this provocative book, Tamler Sommers concludes that there are no objectively correct answers to these questions. Drawing on research in anthropology, psychology, and a host of other disciplines, Sommers argues that cross-cultural variation raises serious problems for theories that propose universally applicable conditions for moral responsibility. He then develops a new way of thinking about responsibility that takes cultural diversity into account. Relative Justice is a novel and accessible contribution to the ancient debate over free will and moral responsibility. Sommers provides a thorough examination of the methodology employed by contemporary philosophers in the debate and a challenge to Western assumptions about individual autonomy and its connection to moral desert.
Ethics. --- Skepticism. --- Responsibility --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Scepticism --- Unbelief --- Agnosticism --- Belief and doubt --- Free thought --- Accountability --- Moral responsibility --- Obligation --- Ethics --- Supererogation --- Skepticism --- East. --- Richard Double. --- West. --- behavior. --- blame. --- collectivist societies. --- compatibilism. --- contemporary philosophy. --- cooperation. --- cultural differences. --- cultural diversity. --- eliminativism. --- first-order skepticism. --- free will. --- guilt. --- honor cultures. --- individual autonomy. --- individualist societies. --- intuition. --- just punishment. --- justice. --- libertarianism. --- metaskepticism. --- moral responsibility. --- non-honor cultures. --- norms. --- philosophical theories. --- philosophy. --- praise. --- rationality. --- responsibility. --- retributive attitudes. --- shame. --- universality.
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Throughout the middle ages, many Francophone texts - 'chansons de geste', medieval romance, works by Chrétien de Troyes and Marie de France - were widely translated in north-western Europe. In the process, these texts were frequently transformed to reflect the new cultures in which they appeared. This book argues that such translations, prime sites for cultural movement and encounters, provide a rich opportunity to study linguistic and cultural identity both in and through time. Via a close comparison of a number of these texts, examining the various modifications made, and drawing on a number of critical discourses ranging from post-colonial criticism to translation theory, the author explores the complexities of cultural dialogue and dissent. This approach both recognises and foregrounds the complex matrix of influence, resistance and transformations within the languages and cultural traditions of medieval Europe, revealing the undercurrents of cultural conflict apparent in medieval textuality. Sif Rikhardsdottir is Lecturer in Comparative Literature at the University of Iceland.
Romances --- Literature, Medieval --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Chivalric romances --- Courtly romances --- French romances --- Medieval romances --- Romances, French --- Romans courtois --- French literature --- History and criticism. --- History --- History and criticism --- Translations --- European literature --- Medieval literature --- Chrétien de Troyes. --- Cultural Discourse. --- England. --- European languages. --- France. --- Francophone texts. --- Marie de France. --- Medieval French texts. --- Medieval Translations. --- Movement of Texts. --- Scandinavia. --- chansons de geste. --- cultural conflict. --- cultural dialogue. --- cultural differences. --- linguistic identity. --- literary transformations. --- medieval Europe. --- medieval romance. --- medieval textuality. --- translation.
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This fresh and accessible ethnography offers a new vision of how society might cohere, in the face of on-going global displacement, dislocation, and migration. Drawing from intensive fieldwork in a highly diverse North London neighborhood, Daniel Miller and Sophie Woodward focus on an everyday item-blue jeans-to learn what one simple article of clothing can tell us about our individual and social lives and challenging, by extension, the foundational anthropological presumption of "the normative." Miller and Woodward argue that blue jeans do not always represent social and cultural difference, from gender and wealth, to style and circumstance. Instead they find that jeans allow individuals to inhabit what the authors term "the ordinary." Miller and Woodward demonstrate that the emphasis on becoming ordinary is important for immigrants and the population of North London more generally, and they call into question foundational principles behind anthropology, sociology and philosophy.
Clothing and dress. --- Denim - Social aspects. --- Denim -- Social aspects. --- Jeans (Clothing) - Social aspects. --- Jeans (Clothing) -- Social aspects. --- Jeans (Clothing) --Social aspects. --- Material culture. --- Jeans (Clothing) --- Denim --- Clothing and dress --- Material culture --- Social aspects --- anthropology. --- class studies. --- clothes. --- clothing styles. --- clothing. --- community. --- cultural differences. --- diverse population. --- diversity. --- ethnography. --- fieldwork. --- gender studies. --- global dislocation. --- global displacement. --- global migration. --- globalization. --- great britain. --- immigrants. --- immigration. --- individual lives. --- international relations. --- jeans. --- normative. --- north london. --- philosophy. --- social differences. --- social lives. --- society. --- sociology. --- wealth studies.
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