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This volume illustrates the functional properties of NAbs. Authors from pioneering groups report in their chapters on the tissue homeostatic, tissue regenerating and regulatory properties of NAbs and NAbs in pooled human IgG. Scientists interested in the regulation and modulation of components of the immune system found a whole variety of NAbs to cytokines with regulatory and protective functions and NAbs that modulate, e.g., dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, B cells and granulocytes. Considering the large plasma pools and initial difficulties in preparing IVIG that does not induce adverse effects upon infusion into recipients, this volume ends with a historical chapter on how pooled human plasma was fractionated and the IgG component pretreated for a safe intravenous application.

Autoantibodies. --- Immunoglobulins. --- Immunoglobulins --- Serum Globulins --- Immunoproteins --- Globulins --- Blood Proteins --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Antibodies --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Medicine. --- Antibodies. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Blood proteins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Autoimmunity --- Monoclonal antibodies. --- Antibodies, Monoclonal --- Monoclonal immunoglobulins --- Molecular cloning --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce

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Most human pathogens utilize mucosal surfaces to access the host. This volume is focused on the development of vaccines which generate immune effectors capable of blocking mucosal entry or peripheral pathogen spread. A critical first step in the design of mucosal vaccines is the selection of administration route. Not all mucosal immunization routes are created equally when it comes to eliciting immune responses in multiple body compartments. This subject and situations when a mucosal route may not be required for vaccine delivery are reviewed here with an emphasis on the sublingual immunization route, which may offer a safer alternative to the nasal route for induction of broadly disseminated immune responses. External host defenses that inhibit entry of microorganisms at mucosal surfaces also pose obstacles to the efficient internalization of mucosally-applied vaccines. Transcutaneous immunization with appropriate adjuvants and permeation enhancers can induce mucosal immune responses and may be advantageous for bypassing these luminal barriers. Other chapters describe strategies for enhancing uptake of mucosal vaccines, for instance through targeted delivery to antigen-sampling M cells, construction of virus-like particles which mimic natural pathogens, addition of mucoadhesives or formulation as nanoparticles. Topics include edible vaccines as well as plant-based production of subunit or particulate vaccines that could be administered by any route. Dry powder vaccines that could be insufflated or directly applied to mucosal surfaces may be particularly ideal for mass vaccination in developing countries. The manufacture, stability and efficacy of powder formulations is comprehensively reviewed. We conclude with chapters on two of the greatest challenges facing mucosal vaccine development: human immunodeficiency virus and bioterrorist agents. This monograph highlights progress and information that should prove invaluable for the development of contemporary vaccines that prevent infection by these and other mucosal pathogens.

Vaccines. --- Mucous membrane --- Vaccines --- Vaccination --- Biological Products --- Immunity --- Membranes --- Immune System Phenomena --- Tissues --- Complex Mixtures --- Phenomena and Processes --- Anatomy --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Immunity, Mucosal --- Mucous Membrane --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Immunology --- Immunology. --- Mucosa --- Mucosal tissue --- Tunica mucosa --- Medicine. --- Antibodies. --- Biomedicine. --- Vaccine. --- Biologicals --- Antibodies --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Epithelium --- Membranes (Biology) --- Monoclonal antibodies. --- Antibodies, Monoclonal --- Monoclonal immunoglobulins --- Immunoglobulins --- Molecular cloning

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SpringerBriefs in Biotech Patents present timely reports of intellectual properties (IP) issues and patent aspects in the field of biotechnology. This new volume in the series focuses on the particular IP issues of therapeutics, vaccines and molecular diagnostics. The first chapter concentrates on basics principles for protecting antibody compounds. Additional ways to create follow-up protection for antibody therapeutics are also discussed. The second chapter gives an overview of the patent landscape in molecular diagnostics, and discusses issues of patentability with respect to the different technologies and compounds used therein. The third chapter gives a broad overview of areas of law that are particularly relevant to the patenting of peptide vaccines and therapeutic peptides as products and in compositions. The scope of patentable subject matter is discussed, as it has been the focus of much wrangling and debate in the courts.

Drugs -- Patents. --- Intellectual property (International law). --- Patent laws and legislation -- China. --- Patent laws and legislation -- Molecular diagnosis. --- Patent laws and legislation -- United States. --- Pharmaceutical biotechnology --- Drugs --- Patent laws and legislation --- Intellectual property (International law) --- Law, Politics & Government --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Law, General & Comparative --- Cytology --- Molecular diagnosis --- Biotechnology --- Intellectual property. --- Intellectual property --- IP (Intellectual property) --- Proprietary rights --- Rights, Proprietary --- Law and legislation --- Life sciences. --- Antibodies. --- Vaccines. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Biotechnology. --- Cell biology. --- Commercial law. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Vaccine. --- Commercial Law. --- Intangible property --- Biopiracy --- Cytology. --- Monoclonal antibodies. --- Business --- Business law --- Commerce --- Law, Commercial --- Mercantile law --- Law --- Law merchant --- Maritime law --- Biologicals --- Antibodies, Monoclonal --- Monoclonal immunoglobulins --- Immunoglobulins --- Molecular cloning --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Antibodies --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins