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"Intense globalization, rapidly changing workplaces and family patterns have renewed the international interest in quality of life. This book examines different institutional arrangements, work-place conditions and gendered work and care that affect the conditions for achieving quality of work and life in European countries"--

Quality of life

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Participation in quality collaboratives is one of the tools that are used to improve quality in the health care services. The purpose of such collaboratives is to increase competence in different areas, and to improve the quality of the services. The core is joint education and training across professions, departments and organizations. This is in line with the goals of the National Health and Care Services Plan (2011 - 2015). Main findings1. The evidence underlying quality collaboratives is positive but limited. Weaknesses in study design means that one can not determine if the reported improvements are a result of participation in collaboratives, or due to other factors.2. Experience from quality collaboratives in Norway and other countries indicates that participation has increased the quality of the services. In some collaboratives before and after measurements indicate major improvements. However, it is difficult to document that the improvements are mainly due to participation in collaboratives, or because of other factors.3. Experience from collaboratives show that many participants experience professional and organizational development, and that participation provides a breeding ground for increased collaboration with other organizations.4. Research points to some success criteria necessary to achieve the goals of collaboratives. These include: Engagement by management and staff, an organizational culture who promotes quality improvement, and access to accurate and complete data about the quality of the services. Experiences from collaboratives supports the conclusion that these factors are of great importance.

Quality of life.

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La polymédication est un phénomène fréquemment rencontré chez la personne âgée qui a souvent plusieurs pathologies chroniques. Elle peut être définie de manière quantitative, le seuil de cinq médicaments est souvent retrouvé dans la littérature. Elle peut être définie de manière qualitative aussi, elle évalue alors l’usage du médicament. On parle de “overuse”, lorsqu’il y a prescription alors qu’il n’y a pas d’indication, de “misuse” lorsque la prescription est inappropriée et que les risques dépassent les bénéfices et on parle enfin de “underuse” lorsqu’il y a absence d’un traitement efficace envers une pathologie pour laquelle il y a des médicaments ayant prouvé leur efficacité. Plusieurs éléments vont intervenir dans la prescription. L’influence du patient, du prescripteur et l’influence de l’environnement dans lequel se trouve le patient. Les conséquences de la polymédication vont être une diminution de la compliance et une augmentation de la survenue d’effets indésirables. Alors que l’âge ne semble pas être un facteur de risque iatrogénique, la polymédication est bien un facteur retrouvé constamment dans les études. Les effets indésirables vont être responsables d’une orbi- mortalité significative, qui va augmenter le recours aux soins de santé. Il est important de prendre en compte les caractéristiques des personnes âgées. En effet, il y a plusieurs modifications au niveau pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique, mais aussi des facteurs physiques, psychiques ou sociaux qui vont influencer la personne âgée. Plusieurs outils ont été élaborés ces vingt dernières années pour nous permettre d’améliorer notre prescription. Les critères STOPP et START ont suscité un grand intérêt car ils sont faciles et rapides d’utilisation et concernent des médicaments prescrits en Europe. Et ensemble, ils regroupent les médications inappropriées et la sous-utilisation de médicaments ayant prouvé leur efficacité. Ils vont aussi permettre d’identifier les potentiels effets secondaires des médicaments chez la personne âgée. En prenant en compte les caractéristiques de nos patients âgés et tous les facteurs qui peuvent influencer la prescription, en réévaluant régulièrement le traitement, en suivant régulièrement nos patients et en s’aidant des outils à notre disposition, comme les critères STOPP et START, nous avons tout en main pour aller vers la prescription la plus appropriée qui soit pour nos patients du 3ème et 4ème âge.

Drug Prescriptions --- Aged --- Quality of Life --- Polypharmacy --- Iatrogenic Disease

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very person aspires to a good life. But what does “a good or a better life” mean? This report looks at the most important aspects that shape people’s lives and well-being: income, jobs, housing, health, work and life-balance, education, social connections, civic engagement and governance, environment, personal security and subjective well-being. It paints a comprehensive picture of well-being in OECD countries and other major economies, by looking at people’s material living conditions and quality of life across the population. The report responds to the needs of citizens for better information on well-being and of policy makers to give a more accurate picture of societal progress.The report finds that well-being has increased on average over the past fifteen years: people are richer and more likely to be employed; they enjoy better housing conditions and are exposed to lower air pollution; they live longer and are more educated; they are also exposed to fewer crimes. But differences across countries are large. Furthermore, some groups of the population, particularly less educated and low-income people, tend to fare systematically worse in all dimensions of well-being considered in this report: for instance they live shorter lives and report greater health problems; their children obtain worse school results; they participate less in political activities; they can rely on lower social networks in case of needs; they are more exposed to crime and pollution; they tend to be less satisfied with their life as a whole than more educated and higher-income people.

Health --- Health --- Health --- Employment --- Employment --- Population --- Population --- Population --- Quality of Life --- Quality of Life --- Quality of Life --- statistics and numerical data [Subheading] --- statistics and numerical data [Subheading] --- statistics and numerical data [Subheading] --- HN 25 - Statistics. Social indicators. Quality of life --- HN 25 - Statistics. Social indicators. Quality of life --- HN 25 - Statistics. Social indicators. Quality of life

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Basic needs --- Quality of life --- Necesidades básicas --- Calidad de vida --- Government policy --- Política gubernamental