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For any neuronal cell type, axons are unique neuronal output elements that display very heterogeneous patterns with respect to shape, length, and target structure. New Aspects of Axonal Structure and Function summarizes recent findings covering morphological, physiological, developmental, computational, and pathophysiological aspects of axons. The book covers new findings concerning axonal structure and functions together with their implications for signal transduction in the nervous system. The book also describes the processes implicated in the formation of axonal arbors and the transport of subcellular elements to their targets. Finally, New Aspects of Axonal Structure and Function also shows how a dysfunction in one or several of these steps could lead to axonal degeneration and ultimately to neurodegenerative diseases. New Aspects of Axonal Structure and Function can be used as a reference for neuroscientists, neurophysiologists, neuroanatomists, computational neuroscientists, cellular neuroscientists, as well as Ph.D. students in various neuroscience programs. About the Editors: Dirk Feldmeyer was born in Dortmund, Germany and studied Biology and German literature and linguistics at the Ruhr-University in Bochum where he received his Ph.D. in 1987. In 2001, he obtained a postdoctoral fellowship in the Dept. of Pharmacology, University College London. He joined the Dept. of Cell Physiology, at the Max Planck Institute of Medical Research in 1995 and in 2004 became independent group leader at the Institute of Medicine, Research Centre Jülich. In 2008 he was appointed to a professorship on "Function of Cortical Microcircuits" in the Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany. His research interests are neuronal microcircuits in the neocortex, their development and modulation. Joachim H.R. Lübke was born on November 4, 1956 in Gelsenkirchen and trained as a biological-technical assistant. He studied biology at the Georg-August University of Göttingen and did his Ph.D. at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (Head: Prof. Otto-Detlev Creutzfeld). From 1991-1993 he was a postdoctoral fellow of the Royal Society at the Dept. of Human Anatomy (Head: Prof. Ray Guillery) of the University of Oxford. From there he moved as a "von Helmholtz" fellow of the German ministry of Education and Research to the Institute of Anatomy at the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg (Head: Prof. Michael Frotscher). In 1997 he received the Wolfgang-Bargmann prize of the German Anatomical Society. He did his "habilitation" in anatomy and neuroanatomy in 1999 and was appointed assistant professor at the Department of Anatomy of the University of Freiburg in 2000. In 2003 he was appointed to group leader position at the Institute of Medicine, Research Centre Jülich. He was appointed professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf. In 2008 he was also appointed to a Professorship on "Structure of Cortical Functional Units" at the Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.

Axons. --- Axons --- Cell Surface Extensions --- Nerve Fibers --- Neurons --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Cells --- Cellular Structures --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Nervous System --- Anatomy --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Physiology --- Zoology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Neuroscience --- Animal Anatomy & Embryology --- Neurons. --- Nerve cells --- Neurocytes --- Nerve axons --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurobiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Nervous system --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Medical sciences

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Action potentials, or spikes, are the most salient expression of neuronal processing in the active brain, and they are likely an important key to understanding the neuronal mechanisms of behavior. However, it is the group dynamics of large networks of neurons that is likely to underlie brain function, and this can only be appreciated if the action potentials from multiple individual nerve cells are observed simultaneously. Techniques that employ multi-electrodes for parallel spike train recordings have been available for many decades, and their use has gained wide popularity among neuroscientists. To reliably interpret the results of such electrophysiological experiments, solid and comprehensible data analysis is crucial. The development of data analysis methods, though, has not really kept pace with the advances in recording technology. Neither general concepts, nor statistical methodology seem adequate for the new experimental possibilities. Promising approaches are scattered across journal publications, and the relevant mathematical background literature is buried deep in journals of different fields. Compiling a useful reader for students or collaborators is both laborious and frustrating. This situation led us to gather state-of-the-art methodologies for analyzing parallel spike trains into a single book, which then might serve as a vantage point for current techniques and a launching point for future development. To our knowledge, this is the first textbook with an explicit focus on the subject. It contains 20 chapters, each of them written by selected experts in the field. About the Editors: Sonja Grün, born 1960, received her MSc (University of Tübingen and Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics) and PhD (University of Bochum, Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot) in physics (theoretical neuroscience), and her Habilitation (University of Freiburg) in neurobiology and biophysics. During her postdoc at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, she performed multiple single-neuron recordings in behaving monkeys. Equipped with this experience she returned back to computational neuroscience to further develop analysis tools for multi-electrode recordings, first at the Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt/Main and then as an assistant professor at the Freie Universität in Berlin associated with the local Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience. Since 2006 she has been unit leader for statistical neuroscience at the RIKEN Brain Science Institute in Wako-Shi, Japan. Her scientific work focuses on cooperative network dynamics relevant for brain function and behavior. Stefan Rotter, born 1961, holds a MSc in Mathematics, a PhD in Physics and a Habilitation in Biology. Since 2008, he has been Professor at the Faculty of Biology and the Bernstein Center Freiburg, a multidisciplinary research institution for Computational Neuroscience and Neurotechnology at Albert-Ludwig University Freiburg. His research is focused on the relations between structure, dynamics, and function in spiking networks of the brain. He combines neuronal network modeling and spike train analysis, often using stochastic point processes as a conceptual link.

Computational neuroscience. --- Electrophysiology -- Methodology. --- Electrophysiology. --- Electrophysiology --- Computational neuroscience --- Action Potentials --- Models, Neurological --- Methods --- Physiology --- Membrane Potentials --- Investigative Techniques --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Biophysics --- Models, Biological --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Models, Theoretical --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Electrophysiological Phenomena --- Physiological Phenomena --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Neurology --- Medicine --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Methodology --- Excitation (Physiology) --- Neurons --- Mathematical models. --- Nerve cells --- Neurocytes --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurobiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cells --- Nervous system --- Irritability --- Psychology --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences